La agenda chilena en el año 1999 y en el primer semestre del año 2000, se caracterizó por tres hitos fundamentales: la elección presidencial, el consenso alcanzado en la mesa de Diálogo sobre Derechos Humanos y el regreso del general Pinochet de su detención en Londres. También cobraron importancia…
Date: 2000Do your search here
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Nuevo gobierno
Author: FLACSONuevo gobierno
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La reconciliación nacional en América Latina. Utopía y "pomada" de los noventas
Author: Loveman, Brian, Summary
Desde fines de la década de los '80, la "reconciliación nacional" ha sido un tema político candente en muchos países de América Latina. En cada uno de ellos la referencia a la "reconciliación política" ha tenido un significado y un subtexto idiosincrático e histórico particular. Sin embargo, estos países comparten la referencia a la posibilidad y a la dificultad de superar la violencia y el legado humano y político de las guerras civiles y de los conflictos que ensangrentaron el hemisferio occidental desde los años sesenta hasta finales de la guerra fría.Size Download Views Download article 1.14 MB -
Economía y democracia en América Latina. Una perspectiva desde el estudio latinobarómetro
Author: Lagos, Marta, Summary
El presente artículo muestra algunos de los resultados más importantes de la reciente medición, los que adquieren mayor fisonomía a través de la comparación con años anteriores. De esta manera es posible indicar ciertas tendencias en la región, principalmente en los temas de democracia y economía.Size Download Views Download article 1.62 MB -
Seguridad humana
Author: Rojas Aravena, Francisco, Summary
A inicios del siglo XXI la gente empieza a ocupar un lugar central en el sistema internacional. Este es un cambio estratégico en la percepción del sistema global. Hoy reconocemos los inicios de este cambio. Su efectivización constituirá un proceso al cual Estados y organizaciones de la sociedad civil deberán contribuir en forma simultánea.Size Download Views Download article 668.23 KB -
Chile bajo la administración Lagos. El difícil camino al palacio de la moneda
Author: Maira, Luis, Summary
Bastaron los simbólicos cien días, que sirven para medir la puesta en marcha de una administración, para que la perspectiva sobre los contenidos y orientaciones del nuevo gobierno chileno, encabezado por el Presidente Ricardo Lagos, se hicieran bastante nítidas.Size Download Views Download article 862.03 KB -
Cambio, continuidad y proyecciones de las elecciones presidenciales de fin de siglo
Author: Garretón, Manuel Antonio, Summary
Las elecciones presidenciales de diciembre de 1999 en Chile se realizaron al finalizar una década de gobiernos de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia, la coalición de mayor estabilidad en este siglo, que sucedió a diecisiete años de dictadura militar encabezada por Pinochet.Size Download Views Download article 534.73 KB -
El nuevo escenario político
Author: Drake, Paul, Summary
A comienzo de un nuevo siglo, Chile eligió como Presidente a Ricardo Lagos Escobar (2000-2006), lo que fue recibido con entusiasmo y optimismo por gran parte de los chilenos, incluso muchos escépticos de izquierda y de derecha aplaudieron los primeros pasos de Lagos. El significado de este traspaso de mando se puede analizar desde tres perspectivas: El peso histórico de Lagos puesto que asume como el primer Presidente del nuevo milenio; su triunfo abre la posibilidad de llevar a cabo el proceso de transición democrática y finalmente Lagos asume como el segundo presidente socialista y el tercer Presidente concertacionista.Size Download Views Download article 435.07 KB -
Las elecciones presidenciales de 1999
Author: Navia, Patricio, Joignant, Alfredo Summary
Son tres las áreas que se discuten en lo que sigue, la celebración por primera vez en comicios presidenciales de una segunda vuelta electoral, la participación electoral y el reordenamiento en las preferencias políticas del electorado. Se argumenta que aunque es posible observar cambios importantes en el electorado chileno, la continuidad de la coyuntura política causada por el plebiscito de 1988, las restricciones institucionales para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía y la existencia de una segunda vuelta ayudaron a que, después de la incertidumbre, el resultado final no fuera fundamentalmente distinto del que ha caracterizado a todas las elecciones desde 1988: una Concertación triunfante.Size Download Views Download article 1.13 MB -
Las mujeres en las últimas elecciones presidenciales
Author: Palacios, Indira, Valdés, Teresa Summary
Dada la amplitud del tema, el propósito de este artículo se remite a entregar elementos que permitan problematizar el comportamiento de las mujeres en la segunda vuelta de estas elecciones, a partir del análisis de regiones y comunas donde se produjo voto cruzado según sexo. Para ello, se incluye una descripción de las preferencias electorales según sexo, región y comuna; una comparación muy sintética de las zonas donde se produjo una diferencia significativa de las preferencias electorales entre mujeres y hombres; así como las principales interpretaciones dadas por los actores políticos a los resultados electorales.Size Download Views Download article 584.28 KB -
Clivajes y competencia partidista en Chile (1990-1999)
Author: Ruiz-Rodríguez, Leticia, Summary
El estudio de los clivajes o líneas de división que estructuran la competencia partidista es una de las dimensiones que, junto con aspectos como la volatilidad, el grado de polarización ideológica y el número de partidos, caracterizan un sistema de partidos. Con el objetivo de contribuir a la comprensión del sistema de partidos de Chile y destacar la utilidad analítica del concepto de clivaje, el presente trabajo discute las líneas de división que estructuran la competencia partidista en el actual sistema de partidos chileno.Size Download Views Download article 1.39 MB -
La participación del ejército de Chile en la mesa de diálogo sobre los derechos humanos
Author: Salgado, Juan Carlos, Summary
Intervención del Brigadier Juan Carlos Salgado, para dar a conocer algunos aspectos que consideran esenciales para entender la labor que ha desarrollado el Ejército de Chile en la denominada Mesa de Diálogo sobre derechos humanos.Size Download Views Download article 443.17 KB -
Mesa de Diálogo de derechos humanos en Chile 21 de agosto 1999 - 13 de junio de 2000
Author: Lira, Elizabeth, Summary
La Mesa del Diálogo fue convocada por el ministro de Defensa de la época, Edmundo Pérez Yoma, para abordar uno de los problemas que más han pesado en la transición chilena: los efectos de las violaciones de derechos humanos y entre ellos la permanencia de más de mil chilenos en la condición de detenidos desaparecidos. Un grupo de personas provenientes de distintos ámbitos del quehacer nacional se reunieron con la voluntad de pensar juntos sobre una manera de asumir la responsabilidad sobre este tema y buscar fórmulas para responder a la legítima pregunta sobre el paradero de esas personas.Size Download Views Download article 761.05 KB -
Augusto Pinochet en Londres. El caso Pinochet en los noticiarios de televisión
Author: Munizaga, Giselle, Summary
El 17 de octubre de 1998 los medios de comunicación informan acerca de un acontecimiento inesperado para los chilenos. El hasta entonces poderoso general que mediante un golpe de fuerza se había convertido durante 15 años en un dictador todopoderoso y que posteriormente había pasado a ser la figura intocable de una transición pactada, era detenido en Londres.Size Download Views Download article 435.37 KB -
Hasta el fin de la impunidad
Author: Paxton, Laura, Summary
El presente artículo examina las implicancias del caso Pinochet en el contexto internacional. ¿Qué precedentes positivos establece este caso y cuáles son sus impactos negativos? Es posible extraer distintas lecciones las que ofrecen tres posibles escenarios que enmarcan futuras persecuciones a los violadores de derechos humanos, cada uno con sus propias ventajas y desventajas.Size Download Views Download article 511.01 KB -
Reacciones del gobierno chileno durante el caso Pinochet
Author: Vergara, Carlos, Summary
El Centro de Documentación del Área de Relaciones Internacionales y Militares de FLACSO-Chile (CEDOC) ha realizado un registro y seguimiento sistemático de los principales acontecimientos nacionales relativo al "caso Pinochet". Como parte de esta labor, el CEDOC pone a disposición de esta publicación un cuadro síntesis, donde se identifican y sistematizan las reacciones que ha tenido el Gobierno en el "caso Pinochet".Size Download Views Download article 594.52 KB -
La economía chilena en 1999
Author: Muñoz, Oscar, Summary
La evolución de la economía chilena durante 1999 estuvo muy determinada por el proceso de ajuste que se debió realizar para enfrentar la crisis asiática. Este proceso ya se había iniciado en 1998, cuando se produjo una brusca caída de las exportaciones al Asia Pacífico, resultado de lo cual hubo una disminución de la tasa de crecimiento del PIB al 3,4%.Size Download Views Download article 749.95 KB -
Los dos ejes de la tercera vía en América Latina
Author: Korzenlewlcz, Roberto Patricio, Summary
En este trabajo el punto principal es que debemos distinguir analíticamente dos ejes de cambio, cada uno de los cuales se caracteriza por mayor o menor protagonismo de diferentes actores políticos. Un primer eje involucra el surgimiento de lo que llamamos un "régimen internacional de política" (RIP). El segundo, sugiere la emergencia de un "sistema global de bienestar" (SGB).Size Download Views Download article 1.42 MB -
Los ONG´S ambientales, actores fundamentales de la gestión ambiental
Author: Muñoz, Ana María, Summary
¿Quiénes son los actores fundamentales de la gestión ambiental y cuáles son sus opiniones? Estas interrogantes son las que se tratarán de abordar, de manera resumida, en las páginas siguientes.Size Download Views Download article 557.14 KB -
La política exterior durante 1999
Author: Milet, Paz Verónica, Summary
En el último año de su gestión el gobierno del Presidente Eduardo Frei enfrentó un gran desafío: como consolidar los planteamientos de la política exterior para los nuevos tiempos, en circunstancias que la agenda exterior de Chile estaba fuertemente condicionada por el caso Pinochet. Como rescatar los logros de su mandato, en momentos que se criticaba la no resolución de la detención del senador vitalicio y se hacía referencia a una poco satisfactoria inserción política de Chile en el ámbito internacional.Size Download Views Download article 301.18 KB -
Reflexiones sobre la cooperación horizontal de Chile
Author: Gómez, Sergio, Summary
Este trabajo ofrece una reflexión sobre la experiencia que, en materia de cooperación horizontal, ha sido desarrollado por la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional (AGCI) en la década del '90 y señala los principales desafíos que deberá enfrentar en el futuro.Size Download Views Download article 394.53 KB -
La causa Mapuche y el caso Ralco en su contexto histórico y presente
Author: Bulnes, José María, Summary
En Chile, en estos últimos años del siglo, la resistencia mapuche-pehuenche frente el proyecto hidroeléctrico Raleo de ENDESA en el Alto Bío Bío, y la multiplicación e intensificación de las acciones reivindicativas de tierras por las principales organizaciones mapuche, no sólo se han mantenido en un primer plano noticioso, sino que han ganado en la opinión pública, contra todas las consabidas voces de alarma, amplia comprensión y simpatía y una creciente solidaridad.Size Download Views Download article 565.13 KB -
¿Varones con delantal? Padres populares en las actividades domésticas y crianza de los hijos
Author: Olavarría, José, Summary
Este artículo trata sobre cambios observados en la paternidad de los varones de sectores populares de Santiago de Chile que viven con sus hijos. Pese a que el referente de los varones es la masculinidad hegemónica y la paternidad de la familia nuclear patriarcal, se observó -en relatos de vida y entrevistas en profundidad a padres urbanos- que la creciente autonomía de las mujeres, las demandas de la modernidad, las políticas de ajuste económico y los requerimientos del propio núcleo familiar han producido impactos que se expresan en cambios de las significaciones de lo doméstico (sentidos subjetivos), en nuevas prácticas (al menos en la verbalización) y en un conjunto de dilemas a los que los varones se ven enfrentados.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
La educación en 1999. Memorándum para el 2000
Author: García-Huidobro, Juan Eduardo, Summary
En este artículo se busca examinar la educación 1999 con dos preguntas: ¿Cuáles han sido los avances de la década? y ¿Cuáles son los puntos pendientes para la década futura?Size Download Views Download article 551.09 KB -
Comunidades virtuales y ciudadanos on line
Author: Araya Dujisin, Rodrigo, Summary
La pregunta orientadora de este trabajo se refiere a la posibilidad de vincular la ciudadanía con las prácticas y relaciones sociales que los individuos llevan a cabo a través del uso de Internet. Para abordar esta pregunta este trabajo comienza describiendo algunas de las principales corrientes discursivas en torno al concepto de globalización. Se señalan algunos preceptos relativos a lo que actualmente se denomina sociedad de la información y se analiza en particular las representaciones de internet como plataforma que posibilita nuevas formas de sociabilidad y acción.Size Download Views Download article 1011.29 KB
Materiales de trabajo para educación ambiental en ciudades intermedias y pequeñas del Ecuador
Responsible: comp. por Rodrigo Barreto ; Mario Vásconez S.Materiales de trabajo para educación ambiental en ciudades intermedias y pequeñas del Ecuador
La especie humana, apareció tardíamente en la historia de la Tierra, pero ha sido capaz de modificar el medio ambiente con sus actividades. Gracias a sus peculiares capacidades mentales y físicas, lograron escapar a las constricciones medioambientales que limitaban a otras especies y alterar el…
Resp. comp. por Rodrigo Barreto ; Mario Vásconez S.
Date: 2003
Materiales de trabajo para educación ambiental en ciudades intermedias y pequeñas del Ecuador
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Problemas ambientales globales
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
Algunos de los grandes problemas identificados como problemas globales están relacionados con: el calentamiento global de la atmósfera (el efecto invernadero), debido a la emisión, por parte de la industria y la agricultura, de gases (sobre todo dióxido de carbono, metano, óxido nitroso y clorofluorocarbonos) que absorben la radiación de onda larga reflejada por la superficie de la Tierra.Size Download Views Download article 319.55 KB -
La discusión actual sobre el desarrollo sostenible
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
Durante las décadas de 1970 y 1980 empezó a quedar cada vez más claro que los recursos naturales estaban dilapidándose en nombre del "desarrollo". Se estaban produciendo cambios imprevistos en la atmósfera, los suelos, las aguas, entre las plantas y los animales, y en las relaciones entre todos ellos. Fue necesario reconocer que la velocidad del cambio era tal que superaba la capacidad científica e institucional para racionalizar o invertir el sentido de sus causas y efectos. Este abismo, en lo que se refiere a la energía y los recursos, se considera el principal problema ambiental del planeta; y también su principal problema de desarrollo. En todo caso, lo que quedaba claro era que la incorporación de consideraciones económicas y ecológicas a la planificación del desarrollo requeriría toda una revolución en la toma de decisiones económicas.Size Download Views Download article 332.13 KB -
Problemas ambientales en el Ecuador
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
El Ecuador continental se encuentra en la zona intertropical y está atravesado por la cordillera de los Andes que divide al país en tres regiones naturales: Costa, Sierra y Amazonía u Oriente. La cordillera de los Andes presenta en el Ecuador características diferentes al norte y al sur. Al norte se evidencia dos cordilleras paralelas (occidental y central) con altas elevaciones, picos y volcanes nevados con alturas que van entre a los 4300 y los 6300 msnm; Los principales volcanes, muchos de ellos activos, se encuentran en la cordillera occidental (Pichincha, II1iniza, Chimborazo) y en la cordillera central (Cayambe, Antisana, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua y Altar); en los Andes orientales existen también varios volcanes (Reventador y Sumaca al norte y Sangay, al sur). En el sur, en cambio, las montañas son algo más bajas y conforman más bien extensas mesetas de entre 3600 y 4700 msnm. En la costa una pequeña cordillera discontinua (llamada cordillera costanera) corre paralela a los Andes y en el oriente se evidencia una tercera cordillera andina o cordillera oriental, algo más baja e igualmente discontinua.Size Download Views Download article 450.68 KB -
El tema del agua en el Ecuador
Author: Morejón N., Ramiro, Summary
El agua es indispensable para la vida y constituye una necesidad humana básica. El agua dulce permite satisfacer los requerimientos de bebida, alimentación, saneamiento, diversión, riego agrícola y generación hidroeléctrica, entre otros. Cada decisión que tomamos [os seres humanos, sea relacionada con vivienda, producción, eliminación de desechos, energía o desarrollo económico, está estrechamente relacionada con el uso de nuestros recursos hídricos. la importancia del agua contrasta con e[ hecho de que en muchos lugares del planeta se evidencia escasez, destrucción de sus fuentes y contaminación de [as cuencas hidrográficas.Size Download Views Download article 234.32 KB -
El espacio público
Author: Valencia, Hernán, Summary
Para Segovia y Oviedo el espacio público tiene múltiples entradas y entre estas la ciudad y el barrio. En estas dos escalas dicen los autores es posible identificar situaciones particulares que favorecen la sociabilidad, diversidad y seguridad en la vida urbana o, a la inversa, que dificultan la intensidad y la calidad del uso del espacio público. "Porque adecuadamente concebidos y frecuente e intensamente usados, los espacios públicos contribuyen a mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes tanto en el ámbito de la gran ciudad como en el barrio. Para ello, requieren ser bien diseñados y gestionados. El diseño, la materialidad y las vivencias otorgan sentido y significado a los espacios, condicionan su uso, y enriquecen el patrimonio arquitectónico y social de una comunidad. Y es en esta relación de dimensiones sociales y materiales que interesa comprender el habitar en el espacio público'" .Size Download Views Download article 486.7 KB -
Eventos naturales y prevención de desastres
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
Entre los 1419 desastres registrados en el Ecuador entre 1988 a 1999 se observa que los eventos más frecuentes en su orden son las: inundaciones, incendios, deslizamientos, accidentes y epidemias. Las inundaciones y los incendios ocurren principalmente en la región costera del país que es una zona plana y los deslizamientos principalmente en la sierra que es una zona montañosa. Geográficamente, más del 70% de los desastres ocurren en la costa y el resto en la sierra y Galápagos. En términos de variabilidad temporal, en años "Niño" el número de desastres registrados casi se triplica. Los meses lluviosos de enero a marzo son los que más desastres registran, ya que aproximadamente 2/3 son eventos directamente producidos o disparados por condiciones climáticas adversas. Los deslizamientos a pesar de no ser los más frecuentes son los que más muertes han causado y las inundaciones y los sismos los que más viviendas han destruido"Size Download Views Download article 575.98 KB -
Agua para consumo humano
Author: Morejón N., Ramiro, Summary
Las obras de infraestructura para abastecimiento de agua, si bien traen efectos benéficos como la regulación del caudal, y una mayor disponibilidad y calidad de agua, también conllevan efectos negativos, que pueden llegar a ser graves e incluso, a largo plazo, atentar contra su propia existencia. Las grandes obras de infraestructura para dotación de agua benefician sobre todo a las poblaciones urbanas y solo tangencialmente a los habitantes del campo o zonas marginales. Más bien son estos grupos humanos los que sufren los negativos impactos sociales o ambientales que éstas acarrean.Size Download Views Download article 603.16 KB -
Residuos sólidos
Author: Santacruz, Ximena, Oviedo, Jorge Summary
Ciudadanos y autoridades locales identifican al manejo de los desechos sólidos urbanos como uno de los problemas ambientales más importantes, con mayores impactos sobre la salud y el ambiente, y de más compleja solución. El manejo de los desechos ha estado tradicionalmente en las manos de los gobiernos seccionales. Sin embargo, los ministerios y otras entidades nacionales también se han ocupado del tema. Precisamente el sinnúmero de actores involucrados es una de las principales causas para la falta de definiciones en términos de soluciones apropiadas.Size Download Views Download article 483.91 KB -
Contaminación de las aguas
Author: Landin Paredes, Carlos, Summary
La indolencia frente al problema de la contaminación del agua no es una característica exclusiva de la "ingobernable" sociedad ecuatoriana, ni de los países en vías de desarrollo. Fue una actitud generalizada en Londres, París, y otras ciudades de las más cultas del planeta, que registraban alarmantes niveles de contaminación e insalubridad a principios de siglo. La cuenca del Rhin presentaba no hace mucho niveles alarmantes de contaminación industrial. La ciudad de Minamata, en Japón, es famosa por las terribles consecuencias que llegó a provocar en la población el consumo de peces de aguas de la bahía, contaminada por desechos de metales pesados.Size Download Views Download article 539.89 KB -
Calidad de aire
Author: Oviedo, Jorge, Summary
En el mundo, la contaminación del aire ha sido un problema de salud pública a partir del uso de los combustibles fósiles. Este problema empezó a sentirse con mayor gravedad desde la revolución industrial, y posteriormente con el creciente uso del automóvil, y el consecuente aumento en el consumo de combustibles, que empezó a ser más evidente a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. El hecho de que el petróleo y los combustibles derivados de él constituyan una reserva energética compacta y fácil de utilizar, los vuelve particularmente adaptables a los vehículos, y dificilmente reemplazables por otras formas de energía. Actualmente los motores a gas, gasolina o diesel, están en la mayoría de los vehículos de transporte terrestre, los tractores agrícolas y la maquinaria para trabajos públicos. En el Ecuador esta situación es evidente. La quema de combustibles fósiles, junto con las emisiones industriales, han cambiado la composición del aire, debido a la introducción de diversos contaminantes: dióxido de azufre, monóxido de carbono, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, óxidos de nitrógeno, partículas suspendidas.Size Download Views Download article 403.67 KB -
Contaminación por ruido
Author: Santacruz, Ximena, Oviedo, Jorge Summary
El ruido se puede definir como un sonido molesto e intempestivo que puede producir efectos fisiológicos y psicológicos no deseados, en una persona o grupo. La exposición al ruido ambiental es causa de preocupación por la graves molestias que ocasiona, especialmente por sus efectos sobre la salud, el comportamiento y las actividades del hombre. Para determinar los niveles nocivos de ruido, la presión acústica se mide con la unidad decibel (dB). Sin embargo, también se emplea la escala "nivel sonoro ponderado A". Esta escala es apropiada, ya que el oído humano no responde de manera uniforme a los sonidos de todas las frecuencias, siendo menos eficaz para detectar sonidos a bajas y altas frecuencias que a frecuencias medias, como son las de una conversación normal.Size Download Views Download article 296.91 KB
Operación ITT
Author: Narváez Quiñonez, IvánOperación ITT
Mientras el Estado no fortalezca los mecanismos de control ambiental en las áreas protegidas y en las actividades industriales, a través de políticas claras de control y gestión ambiental, así como también de relacionamiento comunitario; no supone los conflictos que la superposición de espacios ha…
Date: 1999
Operación ITT
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Problemas ambientales globales
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
Algunos de los grandes problemas identificados como problemas globales están relacionados con: el calentamiento global de la atmósfera (el efecto invernadero), debido a la emisión, por parte de la industria y la agricultura, de gases (sobre todo dióxido de carbono, metano, óxido nitroso y clorofluorocarbonos) que absorben la radiación de onda larga reflejada por la superficie de la Tierra.Size Download Views Download article 319.55 KB -
La discusión actual sobre el desarrollo sostenible
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
Durante las décadas de 1970 y 1980 empezó a quedar cada vez más claro que los recursos naturales estaban dilapidándose en nombre del "desarrollo". Se estaban produciendo cambios imprevistos en la atmósfera, los suelos, las aguas, entre las plantas y los animales, y en las relaciones entre todos ellos. Fue necesario reconocer que la velocidad del cambio era tal que superaba la capacidad científica e institucional para racionalizar o invertir el sentido de sus causas y efectos. Este abismo, en lo que se refiere a la energía y los recursos, se considera el principal problema ambiental del planeta; y también su principal problema de desarrollo. En todo caso, lo que quedaba claro era que la incorporación de consideraciones económicas y ecológicas a la planificación del desarrollo requeriría toda una revolución en la toma de decisiones económicas.Size Download Views Download article 332.13 KB -
Problemas ambientales en el Ecuador
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
El Ecuador continental se encuentra en la zona intertropical y está atravesado por la cordillera de los Andes que divide al país en tres regiones naturales: Costa, Sierra y Amazonía u Oriente. La cordillera de los Andes presenta en el Ecuador características diferentes al norte y al sur. Al norte se evidencia dos cordilleras paralelas (occidental y central) con altas elevaciones, picos y volcanes nevados con alturas que van entre a los 4300 y los 6300 msnm; Los principales volcanes, muchos de ellos activos, se encuentran en la cordillera occidental (Pichincha, II1iniza, Chimborazo) y en la cordillera central (Cayambe, Antisana, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua y Altar); en los Andes orientales existen también varios volcanes (Reventador y Sumaca al norte y Sangay, al sur). En el sur, en cambio, las montañas son algo más bajas y conforman más bien extensas mesetas de entre 3600 y 4700 msnm. En la costa una pequeña cordillera discontinua (llamada cordillera costanera) corre paralela a los Andes y en el oriente se evidencia una tercera cordillera andina o cordillera oriental, algo más baja e igualmente discontinua.Size Download Views Download article 450.68 KB -
El tema del agua en el Ecuador
Author: Morejón N., Ramiro, Summary
El agua es indispensable para la vida y constituye una necesidad humana básica. El agua dulce permite satisfacer los requerimientos de bebida, alimentación, saneamiento, diversión, riego agrícola y generación hidroeléctrica, entre otros. Cada decisión que tomamos [os seres humanos, sea relacionada con vivienda, producción, eliminación de desechos, energía o desarrollo económico, está estrechamente relacionada con el uso de nuestros recursos hídricos. la importancia del agua contrasta con e[ hecho de que en muchos lugares del planeta se evidencia escasez, destrucción de sus fuentes y contaminación de [as cuencas hidrográficas.Size Download Views Download article 234.32 KB -
El espacio público
Author: Valencia, Hernán, Summary
Para Segovia y Oviedo el espacio público tiene múltiples entradas y entre estas la ciudad y el barrio. En estas dos escalas dicen los autores es posible identificar situaciones particulares que favorecen la sociabilidad, diversidad y seguridad en la vida urbana o, a la inversa, que dificultan la intensidad y la calidad del uso del espacio público. "Porque adecuadamente concebidos y frecuente e intensamente usados, los espacios públicos contribuyen a mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes tanto en el ámbito de la gran ciudad como en el barrio. Para ello, requieren ser bien diseñados y gestionados. El diseño, la materialidad y las vivencias otorgan sentido y significado a los espacios, condicionan su uso, y enriquecen el patrimonio arquitectónico y social de una comunidad. Y es en esta relación de dimensiones sociales y materiales que interesa comprender el habitar en el espacio público'" .Size Download Views Download article 486.7 KB -
Eventos naturales y prevención de desastres
Author: Barreto V., Rodrigo, Summary
Entre los 1419 desastres registrados en el Ecuador entre 1988 a 1999 se observa que los eventos más frecuentes en su orden son las: inundaciones, incendios, deslizamientos, accidentes y epidemias. Las inundaciones y los incendios ocurren principalmente en la región costera del país que es una zona plana y los deslizamientos principalmente en la sierra que es una zona montañosa. Geográficamente, más del 70% de los desastres ocurren en la costa y el resto en la sierra y Galápagos. En términos de variabilidad temporal, en años "Niño" el número de desastres registrados casi se triplica. Los meses lluviosos de enero a marzo son los que más desastres registran, ya que aproximadamente 2/3 son eventos directamente producidos o disparados por condiciones climáticas adversas. Los deslizamientos a pesar de no ser los más frecuentes son los que más muertes han causado y las inundaciones y los sismos los que más viviendas han destruido"Size Download Views Download article 575.98 KB -
Agua para consumo humano
Author: Morejón N., Ramiro, Summary
Las obras de infraestructura para abastecimiento de agua, si bien traen efectos benéficos como la regulación del caudal, y una mayor disponibilidad y calidad de agua, también conllevan efectos negativos, que pueden llegar a ser graves e incluso, a largo plazo, atentar contra su propia existencia. Las grandes obras de infraestructura para dotación de agua benefician sobre todo a las poblaciones urbanas y solo tangencialmente a los habitantes del campo o zonas marginales. Más bien son estos grupos humanos los que sufren los negativos impactos sociales o ambientales que éstas acarrean.Size Download Views Download article 603.16 KB -
Residuos sólidos
Author: Santacruz, Ximena, Oviedo, Jorge Summary
Ciudadanos y autoridades locales identifican al manejo de los desechos sólidos urbanos como uno de los problemas ambientales más importantes, con mayores impactos sobre la salud y el ambiente, y de más compleja solución. El manejo de los desechos ha estado tradicionalmente en las manos de los gobiernos seccionales. Sin embargo, los ministerios y otras entidades nacionales también se han ocupado del tema. Precisamente el sinnúmero de actores involucrados es una de las principales causas para la falta de definiciones en términos de soluciones apropiadas.Size Download Views Download article 483.91 KB -
Contaminación de las aguas
Author: Landin Paredes, Carlos, Summary
La indolencia frente al problema de la contaminación del agua no es una característica exclusiva de la "ingobernable" sociedad ecuatoriana, ni de los países en vías de desarrollo. Fue una actitud generalizada en Londres, París, y otras ciudades de las más cultas del planeta, que registraban alarmantes niveles de contaminación e insalubridad a principios de siglo. La cuenca del Rhin presentaba no hace mucho niveles alarmantes de contaminación industrial. La ciudad de Minamata, en Japón, es famosa por las terribles consecuencias que llegó a provocar en la población el consumo de peces de aguas de la bahía, contaminada por desechos de metales pesados.Size Download Views Download article 539.89 KB -
Calidad de aire
Author: Oviedo, Jorge, Summary
En el mundo, la contaminación del aire ha sido un problema de salud pública a partir del uso de los combustibles fósiles. Este problema empezó a sentirse con mayor gravedad desde la revolución industrial, y posteriormente con el creciente uso del automóvil, y el consecuente aumento en el consumo de combustibles, que empezó a ser más evidente a partir de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. El hecho de que el petróleo y los combustibles derivados de él constituyan una reserva energética compacta y fácil de utilizar, los vuelve particularmente adaptables a los vehículos, y dificilmente reemplazables por otras formas de energía. Actualmente los motores a gas, gasolina o diesel, están en la mayoría de los vehículos de transporte terrestre, los tractores agrícolas y la maquinaria para trabajos públicos. En el Ecuador esta situación es evidente. La quema de combustibles fósiles, junto con las emisiones industriales, han cambiado la composición del aire, debido a la introducción de diversos contaminantes: dióxido de azufre, monóxido de carbono, compuestos orgánicos volátiles, óxidos de nitrógeno, partículas suspendidas.Size Download Views Download article 403.67 KB -
Contaminación por ruido
Author: Santacruz, Ximena, Oviedo, Jorge Summary
El ruido se puede definir como un sonido molesto e intempestivo que puede producir efectos fisiológicos y psicológicos no deseados, en una persona o grupo. La exposición al ruido ambiental es causa de preocupación por la graves molestias que ocasiona, especialmente por sus efectos sobre la salud, el comportamiento y las actividades del hombre. Para determinar los niveles nocivos de ruido, la presión acústica se mide con la unidad decibel (dB). Sin embargo, también se emplea la escala "nivel sonoro ponderado A". Esta escala es apropiada, ya que el oído humano no responde de manera uniforme a los sonidos de todas las frecuencias, siendo menos eficaz para detectar sonidos a bajas y altas frecuencias que a frecuencias medias, como son las de una conversación normal.Size Download Views Download article 296.91 KB
Políticas públicas ambientais latino-americanas
Responsible: organizado por Clélia Parreira ; Héctor AlimondaPolíticas públicas ambientais latino-americanas
Considero um privilégio apresentar este livro, um dos produtos da bem-sucedida parceria entre o Ministério do Meio Ambiente da República Federativa do Brasil-MMA/ Secretaria de Políticas para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável-SPDS/ Departamento de Economia e Meio Ambiente- DEMA e a Faculdade Latino…
Resp. organizado por Clélia Parreira ; Héctor Alimonda
Date: 2005
Políticas públicas ambientais latino-americanas
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Depois da natureza passos para uma ecologia política antiessencialista
Author: Escobar, Arturo, Summary
Size Download Views Download article 2.43 MB -
Paisajes del volcán de agua (aproximación a la ecología política latinoamericana)
Author: Alimonda, Hèctor, Summary
"América arboleda, zarza salvaje entre los mares, de polo a polo balanceabas, tesoro verde, tu espesura. Germinaba la noche en ciudades de cáscaras sagradas, en sonoras maderas, extensas hojas que cubrían la piedra germinal, los nacimientos" Pablo Neruda, Canto General, 1Size Download Views Download article 778.99 KB -
Un desarrollo sostenible por lo humano que sea
Author: Castro, Guillermo, Summary
La demanda por un desarrollo que sea sostenible ha venido a convertirse en uno de los tópicos más característicos de la cultura de nuestro tiempo, a la cual-si se la entiende aquella visión del mundo dotada de una ética acorde a su estructura, como la definía Antonio Gramsci -plantea al propio tiempo dilemas en apariencia insolubles, como el de optar entre el crecimiento económico, la distribución equitativa de sus frutos, o la conservación de los recursos naturales para beneficio de las generaciones futuras.Size Download Views Download article 487.38 KB -
La problemática ambiental y la construcción de un observatorio de políticas ambientales para la región
Author: Verduga Vélez, César, Summary
El objetivo de esta ponencia es presentar un conjunto de consideraciones metodológicas relacionadas con la construcción de un observatorio de gestión ambiental, que permita monitorear la gestión de políticas estatales y acciones de la sociedad que se orienten al objetivo de avanzar en el desarrollo sustentable.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Água não se nega a ninguém (a necessidade de ouvir outras vozes)
Author: Porto-Gonçalves, Carlos Walter, Summary
Size Download Views Download article 1.43 MB -
Padrões de desenvolvimento e conversão ecológica da agricultura brasileira
Author: Gomes de Almeida, Silvio, Summary
Size Download Views Download article 1.08 MB -
Produção, consumo e sustentabilidade
Author: Pádua, José Augusto, Summary
Size Download Views Download article 1.57 MB
As instituições financeiras públicas e o meio ambiente no Brasil e na América Latina
Responsible: org. por Clélia Parreira; Héctor AlimondaAs instituições financeiras públicas e o meio ambiente no Brasil e na América Latina
El final del siglo XX y el principio del XXI marcan, sin duda, un parteaguas en la relación entre Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica. Si bien los años sesenta se caracterizaron por una relación en muchas ocasiones difícil y, en otras, cercana, aunque con gobiernos militares, los noventa significaron un…
Resp. org. por Clélia Parreira; Héctor Alimonda
Date: 2005
As instituições financeiras públicas e o meio ambiente no Brasil e na América Latina
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As instituições financeiras federais e o protocolo verde
Author: Alimonda, Héctor, Leão, Sandro Summary
Relatório correspondente a pesquisa de avaliação da adequação das ínstítuíções financeiras federais (IFF) ao Protocolo Verde (PV). OProtocolo Verde aparece como um instrumento de política ambiental pioneiro em nível mundialSize Download Views Download article 3.22 MB -
Las instituciones financieras y el medio ambiente en América Latina
Author: Villalobos, Ruy de, Summary
La evaluación del desempeño de las instituciones financieras signatarias del Protocolo Verde en el Brasil cobra mayor relevancia si tal desempeño se compara y pondera con lo ocurrido en ámbitos de mayor alcance que el nacional. En este sentido, los Términos de Referencia del Estudio encomendado a la FLACSO (Sede Brasil) por el Ministerio de Meio Ambiente del Brasil, solicitan una investigación que incorpore información actualizada sobre el desempeño de las instituciones financieras en relación al medio ambiente en América Latina (AL).Size Download Views Download article 2.63 MB -
Instrumentos econômicos para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Frickmann. Young, Carlos Eduardo, Summary
A escassez de recursos financeiros é um obstáculo significativo para as políticas de conservacáo do meio ambiente nos países em desenvolvimento. O gasto ambiental no país está intimamente ligado a sua situacáo macroeconómica fazendo com que mudanças na política fiscal e monetária tenham conseqüéncias importantes para a conservaçãoSize Download Views Download article 1.21 MB -
Compromissos corporativos globais para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Alencar Hathaway, Gisela S. de, Summary
Este trabalho é parte de um esforço interinstitucional para apreender o máximo de uma década de lições de implernentação do Protocolo Verde por instituicóes financeiras federais no Brasil. A proposta é de aperfeiçoar o próprio instrumento e ampliar o seu alcance para o setor financeiro privado.Size Download Views Download article 1.38 MB
Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
Responsible: Centro de Investigaciones Sociales del Milenio ; Gobierno de la Provincia de ManabíObjetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
La formulación e implementación de políticas públicas se halla intrínsecamente vinculada a las pautas de distribución definidas dentro de la sociedad. Dicho de otro modo, la determinación social de las necesidades mínimas que pueden (o no) ser satisfechas por los distintos individuos y grupos que…
Resp. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales del Milenio ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Manabí
Date: 2006
Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
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As instituições financeiras federais e o protocolo verde
Author: Alimonda, Héctor, Leão, Sandro Summary
Relatório correspondente a pesquisa de avaliação da adequação das ínstítuíções financeiras federais (IFF) ao Protocolo Verde (PV). OProtocolo Verde aparece como um instrumento de política ambiental pioneiro em nível mundialSize Download Views Download article 3.22 MB -
Las instituciones financieras y el medio ambiente en América Latina
Author: Villalobos, Ruy de, Summary
La evaluación del desempeño de las instituciones financieras signatarias del Protocolo Verde en el Brasil cobra mayor relevancia si tal desempeño se compara y pondera con lo ocurrido en ámbitos de mayor alcance que el nacional. En este sentido, los Términos de Referencia del Estudio encomendado a la FLACSO (Sede Brasil) por el Ministerio de Meio Ambiente del Brasil, solicitan una investigación que incorpore información actualizada sobre el desempeño de las instituciones financieras en relación al medio ambiente en América Latina (AL).Size Download Views Download article 2.63 MB -
Instrumentos econômicos para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Frickmann. Young, Carlos Eduardo, Summary
A escassez de recursos financeiros é um obstáculo significativo para as políticas de conservacáo do meio ambiente nos países em desenvolvimento. O gasto ambiental no país está intimamente ligado a sua situacáo macroeconómica fazendo com que mudanças na política fiscal e monetária tenham conseqüéncias importantes para a conservaçãoSize Download Views Download article 1.21 MB -
Compromissos corporativos globais para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Alencar Hathaway, Gisela S. de, Summary
Este trabalho é parte de um esforço interinstitucional para apreender o máximo de uma década de lições de implernentação do Protocolo Verde por instituicóes financeiras federais no Brasil. A proposta é de aperfeiçoar o próprio instrumento e ampliar o seu alcance para o setor financeiro privado.Size Download Views Download article 1.38 MB
Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
Responsible: Centro de Investigaciones Sociales del Milenio CISMIL ; Gobierno de la Provincia de los RíosObjetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
La formulación e implementación de políticas públicas se halla intrínsecamente vinculada a las pautas de distribución definidas dentro de la sociedad. Dicho de otro modo, la determinación social de las necesidades mínimas que pueden (o no) ser satisfechas por los distintos individuos y grupos que…
Resp. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales del Milenio CISMIL ; Gobierno de la Provincia de los Ríos
Date: 2006
Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
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As instituições financeiras federais e o protocolo verde
Author: Alimonda, Héctor, Leão, Sandro Summary
Relatório correspondente a pesquisa de avaliação da adequação das ínstítuíções financeiras federais (IFF) ao Protocolo Verde (PV). OProtocolo Verde aparece como um instrumento de política ambiental pioneiro em nível mundialSize Download Views Download article 3.22 MB -
Las instituciones financieras y el medio ambiente en América Latina
Author: Villalobos, Ruy de, Summary
La evaluación del desempeño de las instituciones financieras signatarias del Protocolo Verde en el Brasil cobra mayor relevancia si tal desempeño se compara y pondera con lo ocurrido en ámbitos de mayor alcance que el nacional. En este sentido, los Términos de Referencia del Estudio encomendado a la FLACSO (Sede Brasil) por el Ministerio de Meio Ambiente del Brasil, solicitan una investigación que incorpore información actualizada sobre el desempeño de las instituciones financieras en relación al medio ambiente en América Latina (AL).Size Download Views Download article 2.63 MB -
Instrumentos econômicos para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Frickmann. Young, Carlos Eduardo, Summary
A escassez de recursos financeiros é um obstáculo significativo para as políticas de conservacáo do meio ambiente nos países em desenvolvimento. O gasto ambiental no país está intimamente ligado a sua situacáo macroeconómica fazendo com que mudanças na política fiscal e monetária tenham conseqüéncias importantes para a conservaçãoSize Download Views Download article 1.21 MB -
Compromissos corporativos globais para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Alencar Hathaway, Gisela S. de, Summary
Este trabalho é parte de um esforço interinstitucional para apreender o máximo de uma década de lições de implernentação do Protocolo Verde por instituicóes financeiras federais no Brasil. A proposta é de aperfeiçoar o próprio instrumento e ampliar o seu alcance para o setor financeiro privado.Size Download Views Download article 1.38 MB
Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
Responsible: Centro de Investigaciones Sociales del Milenio ; Gobierno de la Provincia de PichinchaObjetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
La formulación e implementación de políticas públicas se halla intrínsecamente vinculada a las pautas de distribución definidas dentro de la sociedad. Dicho de otro modo, la determinación social de las necesidades mínimas que pueden (o no) ser satisfechas por los distintos individuos y grupos que…
Resp. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales del Milenio ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Pichincha
Date: 2007
Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio estado de situación 2006
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As instituições financeiras federais e o protocolo verde
Author: Alimonda, Héctor, Leão, Sandro Summary
Relatório correspondente a pesquisa de avaliação da adequação das ínstítuíções financeiras federais (IFF) ao Protocolo Verde (PV). OProtocolo Verde aparece como um instrumento de política ambiental pioneiro em nível mundialSize Download Views Download article 3.22 MB -
Las instituciones financieras y el medio ambiente en América Latina
Author: Villalobos, Ruy de, Summary
La evaluación del desempeño de las instituciones financieras signatarias del Protocolo Verde en el Brasil cobra mayor relevancia si tal desempeño se compara y pondera con lo ocurrido en ámbitos de mayor alcance que el nacional. En este sentido, los Términos de Referencia del Estudio encomendado a la FLACSO (Sede Brasil) por el Ministerio de Meio Ambiente del Brasil, solicitan una investigación que incorpore información actualizada sobre el desempeño de las instituciones financieras en relación al medio ambiente en América Latina (AL).Size Download Views Download article 2.63 MB -
Instrumentos econômicos para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Frickmann. Young, Carlos Eduardo, Summary
A escassez de recursos financeiros é um obstáculo significativo para as políticas de conservacáo do meio ambiente nos países em desenvolvimento. O gasto ambiental no país está intimamente ligado a sua situacáo macroeconómica fazendo com que mudanças na política fiscal e monetária tenham conseqüéncias importantes para a conservaçãoSize Download Views Download article 1.21 MB -
Compromissos corporativos globais para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Author: Alencar Hathaway, Gisela S. de, Summary
Este trabalho é parte de um esforço interinstitucional para apreender o máximo de uma década de lições de implernentação do Protocolo Verde por instituicóes financeiras federais no Brasil. A proposta é de aperfeiçoar o próprio instrumento e ampliar o seu alcance para o setor financeiro privado.Size Download Views Download article 1.38 MB
Investigación y cambio social
Responsible: editado por Anthony BebbingtonInvestigación y cambio social
Este libro recoge parte de los resultados de un programa de reflexión, aprendizaje y autocrítica que durante dos años involucró a siete centros privados que, en diverso grado, priorizan la generación de conocimiento en su trabajo sobre medio ambiente y desarrollo en Centroamérica y México. El…
Resp. editado por Anthony Bebbington
Date: 2007
Investigación y cambio social
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¿Producción de conocimientos, generación de alternativas? Desafíos para las ONG orientadas a la investigación en América Central y México.
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuéllar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Catarina; López, Adián; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, José; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
El capítulo resume una serie de reflexiones colectivas elaboradas por los autores en el curso de un proyecto de dos años prestando atención al rol y evolución de las ONG comprometidas con la generación de conocimientos relacionados al medio ambiente y al desarrollo en América Central y México.Size Download Views Download article 1.75 MB -
Misión identitaria y mercadotecnia para permanecer
Author: Rocha, José Luis, Summary
"Entiendo que tengan programas de desarrollo, pero ¿qué sentido tiene que ustedes hagan investigación?" fue la descalificación que al equipo de investigadores de Nitlapán espetó el representante de una de las más poderosas agencias holandesas de cooperación al desarrollo.Size Download Views Download article 1.86 MB -
Generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente
Author: Cuéllar, Nelson, Gómez, Ileana Summary
Este trabajo analiza la evolución institucional de PRISMA en su búsqueda por generar aportes desde la generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente en distintas escalas y contextos.Size Download Views Download article 1.43 MB -
Generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente
Author: Cuéllar, Nelson, Gómez, Ileana Summary
Este trabajo analiza la evolución institucional de PRISMA en su búsqueda por generar aportes desde la generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente en distintas escalas y contextos.Size Download Views Download article 1.42 MB -
El grupo de estudios ambientales, AC
Author: Illsley, Catarina;, Acosta Jorge; Aguilar, Jazmín; Aguilar, Margot; Alatorre, Gerardo; Díaz León, Marco; González, Alfonso; Marielle, Catherine; Jayo, Alejandro Summary
El propósito de este capítulo es revisar críticamente algunos rasgos de la experiencia del Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, Asociación Civil (GEA, AC -denominada GEA de aquí en adelante), una organización de la sociedad civil mexicana que ha conjugado la generación de conocimientos con la acción social en el campo del medio ambiente y el desarrollo.Size Download Views Download article 1.28 MB -
Foro para el desarrollo sustentable A.C.
Author: Pardo Núñez, Joaliné, Summary
En 1997 nace FORO para el Desarrollo Sustentable A.C. como una organización civil que sirve de espacio de encuentro plural y abierto para la investigación, capacitación y la reflexión para la conservación y el uso sustentable de los recursos naturalesSize Download Views Download article 1.43 MB -
Red de desarrollo sostenible-Honduras
Author: Villa, Manuel Antonio; Torres, Pedro; Benítez Ramos, René, Summary
En los últimos años, la toma de decisiones informadas y consensuadas ha sido un objetivo de los diferentes sectores vinculados al acontecer de los países; existen grandes luchas alrededor de estas decisiones y grandes intereses -a favor y en contra del beneficio de las mayorías-ya sea para conquistar espacios o para poseer información determinante en diversos temas. Con esto, se acentúa la importancia del conocimiento como factor que determina el desarrollo y los cambios socio-políticos.Size Download Views Download article 1.21 MB -
Entre la universidad y la ONG
Author: Jiménez-Osornio, Juan; Bazan, Cynthia; López Pérez Adrián, Summary
Para poder alcanzar las metas propuestas por el desarrollo sustentable se requiere de profesionales que ofrezcan opciones tecnológicas realistas y pragmáticas, así como de agricultores capacitados para que sean ellos mismos quienes solucionen sus problemas con menor dependencia externa.Size Download Views Download article 1.01 MB -
Procesos de investigación y transformación social
Author: Monterroso, Iliana, Summary
Este artículo parte de la hipótesis que las organizaciones no gubernamentales que producen conocimiento en los procesos de desarrollo y transformación social han sido clave para fortalecer los procesos de democratización, en particular en los países que han sufrido regímenes dictatoriales o enfrentamientos civiles violentos, a través de promover el encuentro y el diálogo entre diferentes sectores de la sociedad civil, el gobierno y las entidades internacionalesSize Download Views Download article 2.05 MB -
Reflexiones finales
Author: Hinojosa, Leonith; Bebbington, Anthony, Summary
Que el aporte de la investigación para el avance de las sociedades es fundamental, es una verdad admitida a medias. Por un lado -particularmente en los países del Norte- existe el convencimiento de que sin ella poco del avance de las sociedades modernas se habría logrado. Como corolario práctico, ello ha significado el destino de ingentes recursos, tanto desde los Estados como desde la empresa privada, para programas de largo plazo en investigación y desarrollo.Size Download Views Download article 850.4 KB
II Informe Nacional de los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio, Ecuador 2007
Responsible: coordinado por Juan PonceII Informe Nacional de los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio, Ecuador 2007
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio son las metas específicas de reducción de la pobreza más completas y que más amplio apoyo han obtenido en el mundo. Los ODMs son fines en sí mismos y tienen un contenido ético primordial. Pero también tienen un valor conceptual y metodológico destacado en el…
Resp. coordinado por Juan Ponce
Date: 2007
II Informe Nacional de los objetivos de desarrollo del milenio, Ecuador 2007
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¿Producción de conocimientos, generación de alternativas? Desafíos para las ONG orientadas a la investigación en América Central y México.
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuéllar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Catarina; López, Adián; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, José; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
El capítulo resume una serie de reflexiones colectivas elaboradas por los autores en el curso de un proyecto de dos años prestando atención al rol y evolución de las ONG comprometidas con la generación de conocimientos relacionados al medio ambiente y al desarrollo en América Central y México.Size Download Views Download article 1.75 MB -
Misión identitaria y mercadotecnia para permanecer
Author: Rocha, José Luis, Summary
"Entiendo que tengan programas de desarrollo, pero ¿qué sentido tiene que ustedes hagan investigación?" fue la descalificación que al equipo de investigadores de Nitlapán espetó el representante de una de las más poderosas agencias holandesas de cooperación al desarrollo.Size Download Views Download article 1.86 MB -
Generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente
Author: Cuéllar, Nelson, Gómez, Ileana Summary
Este trabajo analiza la evolución institucional de PRISMA en su búsqueda por generar aportes desde la generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente en distintas escalas y contextos.Size Download Views Download article 1.43 MB -
Generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente
Author: Cuéllar, Nelson, Gómez, Ileana Summary
Este trabajo analiza la evolución institucional de PRISMA en su búsqueda por generar aportes desde la generación y movilización de conocimiento sobre desarrollo y ambiente en distintas escalas y contextos.Size Download Views Download article 1.42 MB -
El grupo de estudios ambientales, AC
Author: Illsley, Catarina;, Acosta Jorge; Aguilar, Jazmín; Aguilar, Margot; Alatorre, Gerardo; Díaz León, Marco; González, Alfonso; Marielle, Catherine; Jayo, Alejandro Summary
El propósito de este capítulo es revisar críticamente algunos rasgos de la experiencia del Grupo de Estudios Ambientales, Asociación Civil (GEA, AC -denominada GEA de aquí en adelante), una organización de la sociedad civil mexicana que ha conjugado la generación de conocimientos con la acción social en el campo del medio ambiente y el desarrollo.Size Download Views Download article 1.28 MB -
Foro para el desarrollo sustentable A.C.
Author: Pardo Núñez, Joaliné, Summary
En 1997 nace FORO para el Desarrollo Sustentable A.C. como una organización civil que sirve de espacio de encuentro plural y abierto para la investigación, capacitación y la reflexión para la conservación y el uso sustentable de los recursos naturalesSize Download Views Download article 1.43 MB -
Red de desarrollo sostenible-Honduras
Author: Villa, Manuel Antonio; Torres, Pedro; Benítez Ramos, René, Summary
En los últimos años, la toma de decisiones informadas y consensuadas ha sido un objetivo de los diferentes sectores vinculados al acontecer de los países; existen grandes luchas alrededor de estas decisiones y grandes intereses -a favor y en contra del beneficio de las mayorías-ya sea para conquistar espacios o para poseer información determinante en diversos temas. Con esto, se acentúa la importancia del conocimiento como factor que determina el desarrollo y los cambios socio-políticos.Size Download Views Download article 1.21 MB -
Entre la universidad y la ONG
Author: Jiménez-Osornio, Juan; Bazan, Cynthia; López Pérez Adrián, Summary
Para poder alcanzar las metas propuestas por el desarrollo sustentable se requiere de profesionales que ofrezcan opciones tecnológicas realistas y pragmáticas, así como de agricultores capacitados para que sean ellos mismos quienes solucionen sus problemas con menor dependencia externa.Size Download Views Download article 1.01 MB -
Procesos de investigación y transformación social
Author: Monterroso, Iliana, Summary
Este artículo parte de la hipótesis que las organizaciones no gubernamentales que producen conocimiento en los procesos de desarrollo y transformación social han sido clave para fortalecer los procesos de democratización, en particular en los países que han sufrido regímenes dictatoriales o enfrentamientos civiles violentos, a través de promover el encuentro y el diálogo entre diferentes sectores de la sociedad civil, el gobierno y las entidades internacionalesSize Download Views Download article 2.05 MB -
Reflexiones finales
Author: Hinojosa, Leonith; Bebbington, Anthony, Summary
Que el aporte de la investigación para el avance de las sociedades es fundamental, es una verdad admitida a medias. Por un lado -particularmente en los países del Norte- existe el convencimiento de que sin ella poco del avance de las sociedades modernas se habría logrado. Como corolario práctico, ello ha significado el destino de ingentes recursos, tanto desde los Estados como desde la empresa privada, para programas de largo plazo en investigación y desarrollo.Size Download Views Download article 850.4 KB
Introducción al desarrollo local sustentable
Responsible: por María Argüello ... [et.al.].Introducción al desarrollo local sustentable
Su tema central es el desarrollo. Palabra llena de historia, carga da de significados encontrados, síntesis de conflictos y aspiraciones de todo un siglo. Sería difícil encontrar un concepto más internacionalizado. El desarrollo solo puede entenderse en el marco de las relaciones entre ciertos…
Resp. por María Argüello ... [et.al.].
Date: 2004
Introducción al desarrollo local sustentable
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América Latina en las visiones del desarrollo
Author: Valencia Villamar , Hernán, Summary
El objetivo de la Primera Unidad es brindar una visión panorámica de los debates intelectuales y el contexto en el cual se concibieron las nociones del desarrollo, con especial interés en las ideas producidas en América Latina. En el contexto de los cambios y la crisis de los modelos convencionales de desarrollo, el segundo capítulo espera situar las potencialidades de una estrategia de desarrollo centrada en las particularidades de lo local.Size Download Views Download article 1.81 MB -
La globalización y el desarrollo
Author: Valencia Villamar, Hernán, Summary
Los espacios locales no solamente han acentuado su diversidad durante las tres últimas décadas debido a la diferenciación regional que supone la reciente etapa de la globalización, sino que han aparecido con mayor fuerza sus posibilidades de autonomía y de actuar como impulso a un desarrollo alternativo más equitativo y equilibrado. Dejar establecida esta potencialidad de lo local, de los pequeños emprendimientos y de las pequeñas experiencias de gestión económica a pequeña escala, es el objetivo del segundo capítulo de la Unidad.Size Download Views Download article 1.39 MB -
El desarrollo sustentable
Author: Argüello, María, Guamán, Fabricio Summary
El término "desarrollo sustentable" no es una idea nueva. La Conferencia sobre la Biosfera realizada en París y la Conferencia sobre los Aspectos Ecológicos del Desarrollo Internacional, llevadas a cabo en 1960, alertaron al mundo sobre la degradación ambiental y la necesidad de acción. Libros como el de Rachael Carson, en 1962, Primavera Silenciosa, hicieron reflexionar al mundo por primera vez sobre cómo los humanos habían abusado del planeta Tierra al punto de que sus efectos se volvieron visibles y aún peligrosos para la supervivencia de la humanidad.Size Download Views Download article 1.34 MB -
Las dimensiones del desarrollo sustentable
Author: Argüello, María, Guamán, Fabricio Summary
Existe una clara comprensión de que este mundo es infinito en recursos, y por tanto el desarrollo humano, como quiera que se conceptúe, deberá respetar los límites ecológicos que lo gobiernan. La conciencia- ción de este hecho permitirá que las prácticas de uso de los recursos no provoquen la destrucción de los recursos naturales, el único capital natural que poseemos.Size Download Views Download article 1.8 MB -
Un vistazo a los problemas ambientales del Ecuador
Author: Argüello, María, Guamán, Fabricio Summary
La problemática ambiental del Ecuador está directamente relacionada con un uso irracional de los recursos naturales, causado por los modelos de desarrollo por los que históricamente el país ha optado. El Ecuador ha experimentado una profunda crisis económica a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas que se ha reflejado en la profundización de los niveles de pobreza y de inestabilidad política.Size Download Views Download article 1.28 MB -
La globalización
Summary
Globalización: el término nos remite a fenómenos que adquieren un carácter global, es decir, mundial, planetario, rebasando (y subyugando) las fronteras y las identidades locales, las economías y los sistemas políticos. Es acortamiento de las distancias, aceleración de los tiempos, por tanto, configuración de un solo planeta. Ahora bien, dado que esta configuración de un solo planeta opera en una sociedad determinada, que es la sociedad capitalista, con sus formas económicas y políticas específicas, la globalización -o, mejor dicho, esta globalización- debe ser entendida como dominio del mundo, es decir, como la construcción del mundo bajo el dominio exclusivo del gran capital transnacional ("globalizado"), que modifica la economía y la política, los mercados y los estados, de acuerdo a sus necesidades de acumulación de ganancias.Size Download Views Download article 976.75 KB -
Concepciones sobre el desarrollo
Summary
El desarrollo, como muchos conceptos utilizados en las ciencias sociales, es polivalente, es decir, que distintas concepciones dan de él definiciones distintas. En esta sección haremos una somera revisión del itinerario de las ideas al respecto desde dos puntos de vista. En primer lugar, nos referiremos a algunas de las concepciones más socorridas tomaremos en cuenta la visión del desarrollo como crecimiento económico, el desarrollo a escala humana y el desarrollo humano.Size Download Views Download article 874.14 KB -
Metodología para un análisis explotatorio de procesos de desarrollo local
Summary
La noción de modo de desarrollo refiere a "las diferentes formas que fue tomando la estructura socioeconómica local en el territorio estudiado a lo largo de las últimas décadas". Se trata de "precisar las lógicas que fueron pautando sus grandes transformaciones". Las dimensiones principales del análisis son, por un lado, el grado de integralidad del proceso de desarrollo y, por otro lado, la capacidad de elaboración de respuestas diferenciadas.Size Download Views Download article 894.43 KB -
Desarrollo local y manejo de recursos naturales
Author: Torres, Víctor Hugo, Summary
Los gobiernos seccionales ecuatorianos vienen asumiendo desde hace mucho tiempo una forma de usar los recursos naturales que está ligada a su condición de proveedores de servicios como agua potable, el manejo de los desechos sólidos, el mantenimiento de áreas verdes en las zonas urbanas; o su manipulación como materias primas para el desarrollo agropecuario en las zonas rurales. Los gobiernos seccionales tienen una antigua relación con los recursos naturales que está consignada en sus respectivas leyes.Size Download Views Download article 714.69 KB -
Las principales tendencias del desarrollo local. Víctor Hugo
Author: Torres, Víctor Hugo, Summary
En el Ecuador, al igual que en otros países de la región, los actores públicos, privados y del tercer sector vinculados al desarrollo local, se desempeñan en un contexto histórico de reforma estatal que promueve la descentralización de las funciones y competencias del gobierno central, la tercerización y privatización de los servicios públicos y la creciente participación de los usuarios de los recursos naturales en la toma de decisiones así como en su gestión local. El marco de reforma estatal es el telón de fondo de cuatro grandes tendencias que son: la renovación de los gobiernos seccionales, las iniciativas de la sociedad civil, la influencia de la ayuda internacional y la descentralización estatal.Size Download Views Download article 1.46 MB -
Geografía de las tendencia del desarrollo local
Author: Torres, Víctor Hugo, Summary
Al combinar las cuatro tendencias de desarrollo local (esto es la renovación de los gobiernos seccionales, las iniciativas de la sociedad civil, la influencia de las agencias internacionales y los proyectos de descentralización estatal), se estima que en el Ecuador existen un total aproximado de ciento cincuenta y siete casos de desarrollo local. Son intervenciones colectivas que se realizan en diversos ámbitos: educación, salud, bienestar, agropecuario, productivo, infraestructura social, urbano y rural. Están vinculadas directa o indirectamente con algún gobierno seccional; por consiguiente, con alcance dentro de cualquiera de los límites de la división jurídico - administrativa subnacional.Size Download Views Download article 930.28 KB -
El ámbito jurídico del desarrollo local
Author: Torres, Víctor Hugo, Summary
El Ecuador dispone de un marco jurídico "auspicioso" para el desarrollo local y el manejo de los recursos naturales, que si bien cuantitativamente es menor en proporción al conjunto de cuerpos legales existentes en el país, es suficientemente amplio. En las siguientes secciones se presenta una síntesis de los grandes lineamientos jurídicos que incluyen la legislación nacional, las leyes seccionales y un conjunto de acuerdos ministeriales y leyes secundarias que sirven de marco legal para las iniciativas de desarrollo local.Size Download Views Download article 723.79 KB
Can NGO's make a difference?
Responsible: ed. por Anthony J. Bebbington ; Samuel Hickey y Diana C. MitlinCan NGO's make a difference?
¡Not another Manchester book on NGOs!" some bookstore browsers will comment on spotting this text. The short response, of course, is 'Yes, another one.' The longer response is this introductory chapter. In it we argue why this is once again a good moment to take the pulse of the NGO world. This…
Resp. ed. por Anthony J. Bebbington ; Samuel Hickey y Diana C. Mitlin
Date: 2008
Can NGO's make a difference?
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Can NGOs Make a difference?
Author: Bebbington, Anthony, Hickey, Samuel; Mitlin, Diana Summary
The conviction underlying the book is that NGOs are only NGOs in any politically meaningful sense of the term if they are offering alternatives to dominant models, practices and ideas about development. The question that the book addresses is whether -in the face of neoliberalism, the poverty agenda in aid, the new security agenda, institutional maturation (if not senescence), and the simple imperatives of organizational survival -NGOs continue to constitute alternatives.Size Download Views Download article 1.63 MB -
Have NGOs Made a difference? From Manchester to Birmingham with an elephant in the room
Author: Edwards, Michael, Summary
Fifteen years on, the NGO universe has been substantially transformed, with rates of growth in scale and profile that once would have been unthinkable. Yet still the nagging questions remain. Despite the increasing size and sophistication of the development NGO sector, have NGOs really 'made a difference' in the ways the first Manchester Conference intended, or have the reforms that animated the NGO community during the 1990S now run out of steam? In this chapter I try to answer these questions in two ways. First, through a retrospective look at the Manchester conferences -what they taught us, what infiuence they had, and how NGOs have changed. And second, by picking out a couple of especially important challenges in development terms and assessing whether NGOs 'stood up to be counted', so to speak, and did their best in addressing them. These two approaches suggest somewhat different conclusions, which will bring me to the 'elephant in the room' of my title.Size Download Views Download article 718.04 KB -
Challenges to participation, citizenship and democracy
Author: Dagnino, Evelina, Summary
The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges presented by recent developments in Brazil -but also elsewhere -to the participation of civil society in the building of democracy and social justice. The chapter will discuss first the existence of a perverse confluence between participatory and neoliberal political projects. From my point of view, this confluence characterizes the contemporary scenario of the struggle for deepening democracy in Brazil and in most of Latin America. Then it will examine the dispute over different meanings of citizenship, civil society and participation that constitute core referents for the understanding of that confluence, and the form that it takes in the Brazilian context.Size Download Views Download article 798.43 KB -
Learning from Latin America
Author: Biekart, Kees, Summary
This chapter analyses changing policies and agendas of the twenty most important European private aid agencies and networks active in Latin America over the past decade. The analysis is based on a 'mapping exercise, initiated by ALOP, a Latin American network of NGOs. This network feared a gradual withdrawal of this more committed non-governmental aid.Size Download Views Download article 896.26 KB -
Whatever happened to reciprocity?
Author: Thomas, Alan, Summary
This chapter concerns non-governmental organizations and the rationale for their involvement in development. It analyses how donors view NGOs, looking particularly at the example of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), arguing that NGOs are expected to conform to one of two prescribed models of what they do, which tends to ignore or downplay the value basis of what NGOs are and the variety of ways they relate to development.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
Development and the New Security Agenda
Author: Fowler, Alan, Summary
This chapter does not dwell on the many -both just and unjust -critiques of NGO-ism in terms of these and other shortcomings as self-generated constraints on being 'alternative' (e.g. Lewis and Wallace, 2000; Katsui and Wamai, 2006). Rather, the task is to approach the issue of limitations on NGDOs as development alternatives from the direction of a significant reframing of the aid system, broadly labelled 'securitization' (e.g. Duffield, 2002; Fowler, 2005; Howell, 2006).Size Download Views Download article 916.41 KB -
How civil society organizations use evidence to influence policy processes
Author: Pollard, Amy, Court, Julius Summary
The concept of civil society is not new; it has been contested within political philosophy, sociology and social theory for hundreds of years. What is new is the increasing emphasis on the concept over the last decade -'civil society' has become a buzzword within international development. All manner of claims have been made about the potential of 'civil society', and specifically 'civil society organizations' (CSOs), to act as a force to reduce poverty, promote democracy and achieve sustainable development. But how exactly do they do this? Are CSOs always a force for good? What is the proper role of CSOs in international development? How do they influence policy? A number of studies have responded to these questions, identifying a number of issues around the accountability, legitimacy and effectiveness of the sector (Howell and Pearce, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Edwards, 2004; Van Rooy, 1999; Anheier et al., 2004).Size Download Views Download article 916.79 KB -
Civil society participation as the focus of northern NGO support
Author: Guijt, Irene, Summary
This chapter draws on a recent evaluation that examined how the support given between 1999 and 2004 was used by four of the CFAs -CORDAID, HIVOS, Oxfam NOVIB and Plan Netherlands -to further 'civil society participation' in Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Sri Lanka and Uganda.Size Download Views Download article 995.54 KB -
Producing knowledge, generating alternatives?
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuellar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Cati; López, Adrian; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, Jose Luis; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
What do non-profit organizations whose primary role is to produce knowledge contribute to development alternatives? The question is not an idle one. As the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty agenda impress themselves ever more firmly on the criteria used to allocate international cooperation and national development budgets, research-oriented NGOs, and research activities within multi-functional NGOs, have found it increasingly difficult to secure funding. In this context, being clear on the nature, role and purpose of such NGOs is urgent, otherwise research activities in progressive NGOs will wither away, leaving the non-profit knowledge-generation field open to business-supported, more conservative and well-funded think-tanks. This urgency is both institutional (to offset an organizational demise that occurs by default rather than because of any clear strategic reasoning) and political (to avoid the further colonization of public debate and discourse by a core set of broadly neoliberal principIes encoded in different policy prescriptions and conceptual arguments).Size Download Views Download article 1000.77 KB -
Anxieties and affirmations
Author: Racelis, Mary, Summary
This chapter examines ways in which Philippine NGOs and their partner People's Organizations (POs) have broadened and protected democratic spaces through mobilizing, taking action and engaging in advocacy for social reform, structural change and the redefinition of donor priorities and operational modes. After a review of development challenges faced by NGOs, the discussion features three mini-cases illustrative of both small and large d/Development processes. One account examines Naga City slum upgrading activities in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon. The two others focus on activities centred in Metro Manila but which affect NGO/PO activities nationwide.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Reinventing international NGOs
Author: Derksen, Harry, Verhallen, Pim Summary
The chapter first gives a brief description of developments in international debates on development. We draw attention to the depoliticization of development thought and practice, as well as the introduction of neoliberal policies of privatization and market instruments in the development architecture both in general and more specifically in the Dutch co-funding programme. We will try to identify the most important implications of these changes, for the work of Dutch international NGOs (INGOs), for the activities of their non-governmental partners overseas and for their joint ability to contribute effectively to the fight against exclusion and poverty. Lastly, we will describe how in the face of these difterent pressures, our own organization in introducing substantial changes to its strategies and ways of working, changes that aim to ensure our possibilities for making a difference for rhe poor and excluded.Size Download Views Download article 893.94 KB -
Transforming or conforming?
Author: Bristow, Katie, Summary
The chapter will argue that the mesh of factors are part of the conscious and unconscious strategies used by social groups, in this case relating to different health systems, to maintain, promote and defend their specific world-view, knowledge and practice. A theoretical framework will be used to explore how power to influence is made relative using Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1971) conscious hegemonic strategies together with Bourdieu's (Bourdieu, 1989) unconscious mechanisms of habitus and field. The framework will be applied to two NGOs in Bolivia, 'CÓDIGO' Bolivia and World Vision's PDA in Santivañez (Programa de Desarrollo del Area, Area Development Programme), and their training and management of community health promoters.Size Download Views Download article 945.43 KB -
Political enterpreneurs or development agents
Author: Chhotray, Vasudha, Summary
NGOs the world over have been regarded positively for their capacities both as 'political entrepreneurs' and as 'development agents', but there is growing cynicism over their abilities to combine these two roles.As polítical entrepreneurs, NGOs have been known to act as catalysts of radical and transformative social change, through their association with grassroots struggle in various forms. As development agents, NGOs have increasingly become key partners of both governments and donor agencies in implementing development programmes. The definitive mainstreaming of NGOs within international development during the last two decades has entailed growing pressures on NGOs, many of which may have started out as small and informal cadre-based organizations, to compete for development funds, formalize their organizational structures and 'scale up' their work. All this seems to have compromised the inclination and ability of NGOs devoted to development to engage in acts that are radically transformative.Size Download Views Download article 897.38 KB -
Is this really the end of the road for gender mainstreaming?
Author: Piálek, Nicholas, Summary
This chapter suggests that a more sanguine approach is required, and that this critique itself should be subject to closer appraisal. Gender mainstreaming (and those implementing and analysing it) should not lose sight of the fact that such a process is fundamentally political. Gender mainstreaming is a form of feminist politics and policy (Walby, 2005: 463) that challenges dominant modes of thinking and practice in organizations working in development. As a consequence, the question that becomes most pertinent to ask is not, 'is this the end of gender mainstreaming?', but instead, 'how are gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across a range of organizational and institutional contexts?' It was with this question in mind that I conducted a three-year research project into gender mainstreaming in development organizations, and in particular Oxfam GB.Size Download Views Download article 913.52 KB -
The ambivalent cosmopolitanism of international NGOs
Author: Yanacopulos, Helen, Baillie Smith, Matt Summary
In this chapter we argue that the relationship between cosmopolitanism and NGOs demands greater caution and serious interrogation. This is not to deny the broad thrust of the connections we have just identified, but to highlight that the relationship is contested and, in some senses, rather more ambivalent than intuition would allow for. We do not necessarily seek to undermine a connection between NGOs and a cosmopolitan politics. But a more systematic exploration of the relationships between development NGOs and cosmopolitan politics can help us understand the capacity of NGOs to offer serious development alternatives, most notably in the form of a transnational politics of justice based on the values of solidarity.Size Download Views Download article 876.71 KB -
Development as reform and counter-reform
Author: Bolnick, Joel, Summary
This chapter discusses the experiences of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a transnational movement of homeless and landless people's federations. Try as it might SDI can never escape the fact that it has these two trajectories as its ancestry, the movement experiences of its affiliates and the aid industry as its benefactor. This coalescence is de facto proof both of the failure of the radical projects of the social movements and of the emergence of the hegemony of foreign aid as the major vehicle for social and economic transformation in the South.Size Download Views Download article 854.65 KB -
Reflections on NGOs and development
Author: Hulme, David, Summary
Defining NGOs and precisely separating them from social movements may be less important than exploring the relationships between entities that seem to have NGO or social-movement characteristics. Rather than judging whether an NGO has contributed to development (the broad set of processes underlying capitalist development) or to Development (the subset of consciously identified interventions aimed at the 'third world') it may be more useful to look at the relationship between an NGO's actions on its 'little d' and 'big D' impacts. I shall strive for clarity in this chapter but recognize that ambiguity is an inevitable component of interpreting the role of NGOs in developmental processes.Size Download Views Download article 467.34 KB
Nuestros derechos y nuestras responsabilidades = Ingi tsoña´choma toya´caen tisumbema´cantsse in´jaña´cho
Responsible: Corporación de Gestión y Derecho Ambiental ECOLEXNuestros derechos y nuestras responsabilidades = Ingi tsoña´choma toya´caen tisumbema´cantsse in´jaña´cho
El objetivo de la presente cartilla es dotar a las comunidades indígenas de mayores conocimientos dentro del campo legal, a través de temas relacionados con el medio ambiente, los recursos naturales, el territorio, la biodiversidad, entre otros, a fin de que optimicen sus capacidades en cuanto a…
Resp. Corporación de Gestión y Derecho Ambiental ECOLEX
Date: 2003
Nuestros derechos y nuestras responsabilidades = Ingi tsoña´choma toya´caen tisumbema´cantsse in´jaña´cho
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Can NGOs Make a difference?
Author: Bebbington, Anthony, Hickey, Samuel; Mitlin, Diana Summary
The conviction underlying the book is that NGOs are only NGOs in any politically meaningful sense of the term if they are offering alternatives to dominant models, practices and ideas about development. The question that the book addresses is whether -in the face of neoliberalism, the poverty agenda in aid, the new security agenda, institutional maturation (if not senescence), and the simple imperatives of organizational survival -NGOs continue to constitute alternatives.Size Download Views Download article 1.63 MB -
Have NGOs Made a difference? From Manchester to Birmingham with an elephant in the room
Author: Edwards, Michael, Summary
Fifteen years on, the NGO universe has been substantially transformed, with rates of growth in scale and profile that once would have been unthinkable. Yet still the nagging questions remain. Despite the increasing size and sophistication of the development NGO sector, have NGOs really 'made a difference' in the ways the first Manchester Conference intended, or have the reforms that animated the NGO community during the 1990S now run out of steam? In this chapter I try to answer these questions in two ways. First, through a retrospective look at the Manchester conferences -what they taught us, what infiuence they had, and how NGOs have changed. And second, by picking out a couple of especially important challenges in development terms and assessing whether NGOs 'stood up to be counted', so to speak, and did their best in addressing them. These two approaches suggest somewhat different conclusions, which will bring me to the 'elephant in the room' of my title.Size Download Views Download article 718.04 KB -
Challenges to participation, citizenship and democracy
Author: Dagnino, Evelina, Summary
The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges presented by recent developments in Brazil -but also elsewhere -to the participation of civil society in the building of democracy and social justice. The chapter will discuss first the existence of a perverse confluence between participatory and neoliberal political projects. From my point of view, this confluence characterizes the contemporary scenario of the struggle for deepening democracy in Brazil and in most of Latin America. Then it will examine the dispute over different meanings of citizenship, civil society and participation that constitute core referents for the understanding of that confluence, and the form that it takes in the Brazilian context.Size Download Views Download article 798.43 KB -
Learning from Latin America
Author: Biekart, Kees, Summary
This chapter analyses changing policies and agendas of the twenty most important European private aid agencies and networks active in Latin America over the past decade. The analysis is based on a 'mapping exercise, initiated by ALOP, a Latin American network of NGOs. This network feared a gradual withdrawal of this more committed non-governmental aid.Size Download Views Download article 896.26 KB -
Whatever happened to reciprocity?
Author: Thomas, Alan, Summary
This chapter concerns non-governmental organizations and the rationale for their involvement in development. It analyses how donors view NGOs, looking particularly at the example of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), arguing that NGOs are expected to conform to one of two prescribed models of what they do, which tends to ignore or downplay the value basis of what NGOs are and the variety of ways they relate to development.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
Development and the New Security Agenda
Author: Fowler, Alan, Summary
This chapter does not dwell on the many -both just and unjust -critiques of NGO-ism in terms of these and other shortcomings as self-generated constraints on being 'alternative' (e.g. Lewis and Wallace, 2000; Katsui and Wamai, 2006). Rather, the task is to approach the issue of limitations on NGDOs as development alternatives from the direction of a significant reframing of the aid system, broadly labelled 'securitization' (e.g. Duffield, 2002; Fowler, 2005; Howell, 2006).Size Download Views Download article 916.41 KB -
How civil society organizations use evidence to influence policy processes
Author: Pollard, Amy, Court, Julius Summary
The concept of civil society is not new; it has been contested within political philosophy, sociology and social theory for hundreds of years. What is new is the increasing emphasis on the concept over the last decade -'civil society' has become a buzzword within international development. All manner of claims have been made about the potential of 'civil society', and specifically 'civil society organizations' (CSOs), to act as a force to reduce poverty, promote democracy and achieve sustainable development. But how exactly do they do this? Are CSOs always a force for good? What is the proper role of CSOs in international development? How do they influence policy? A number of studies have responded to these questions, identifying a number of issues around the accountability, legitimacy and effectiveness of the sector (Howell and Pearce, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Edwards, 2004; Van Rooy, 1999; Anheier et al., 2004).Size Download Views Download article 916.79 KB -
Civil society participation as the focus of northern NGO support
Author: Guijt, Irene, Summary
This chapter draws on a recent evaluation that examined how the support given between 1999 and 2004 was used by four of the CFAs -CORDAID, HIVOS, Oxfam NOVIB and Plan Netherlands -to further 'civil society participation' in Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Sri Lanka and Uganda.Size Download Views Download article 995.54 KB -
Producing knowledge, generating alternatives?
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuellar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Cati; López, Adrian; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, Jose Luis; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
What do non-profit organizations whose primary role is to produce knowledge contribute to development alternatives? The question is not an idle one. As the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty agenda impress themselves ever more firmly on the criteria used to allocate international cooperation and national development budgets, research-oriented NGOs, and research activities within multi-functional NGOs, have found it increasingly difficult to secure funding. In this context, being clear on the nature, role and purpose of such NGOs is urgent, otherwise research activities in progressive NGOs will wither away, leaving the non-profit knowledge-generation field open to business-supported, more conservative and well-funded think-tanks. This urgency is both institutional (to offset an organizational demise that occurs by default rather than because of any clear strategic reasoning) and political (to avoid the further colonization of public debate and discourse by a core set of broadly neoliberal principIes encoded in different policy prescriptions and conceptual arguments).Size Download Views Download article 1000.77 KB -
Anxieties and affirmations
Author: Racelis, Mary, Summary
This chapter examines ways in which Philippine NGOs and their partner People's Organizations (POs) have broadened and protected democratic spaces through mobilizing, taking action and engaging in advocacy for social reform, structural change and the redefinition of donor priorities and operational modes. After a review of development challenges faced by NGOs, the discussion features three mini-cases illustrative of both small and large d/Development processes. One account examines Naga City slum upgrading activities in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon. The two others focus on activities centred in Metro Manila but which affect NGO/PO activities nationwide.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Reinventing international NGOs
Author: Derksen, Harry, Verhallen, Pim Summary
The chapter first gives a brief description of developments in international debates on development. We draw attention to the depoliticization of development thought and practice, as well as the introduction of neoliberal policies of privatization and market instruments in the development architecture both in general and more specifically in the Dutch co-funding programme. We will try to identify the most important implications of these changes, for the work of Dutch international NGOs (INGOs), for the activities of their non-governmental partners overseas and for their joint ability to contribute effectively to the fight against exclusion and poverty. Lastly, we will describe how in the face of these difterent pressures, our own organization in introducing substantial changes to its strategies and ways of working, changes that aim to ensure our possibilities for making a difference for rhe poor and excluded.Size Download Views Download article 893.94 KB -
Transforming or conforming?
Author: Bristow, Katie, Summary
The chapter will argue that the mesh of factors are part of the conscious and unconscious strategies used by social groups, in this case relating to different health systems, to maintain, promote and defend their specific world-view, knowledge and practice. A theoretical framework will be used to explore how power to influence is made relative using Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1971) conscious hegemonic strategies together with Bourdieu's (Bourdieu, 1989) unconscious mechanisms of habitus and field. The framework will be applied to two NGOs in Bolivia, 'CÓDIGO' Bolivia and World Vision's PDA in Santivañez (Programa de Desarrollo del Area, Area Development Programme), and their training and management of community health promoters.Size Download Views Download article 945.43 KB -
Political enterpreneurs or development agents
Author: Chhotray, Vasudha, Summary
NGOs the world over have been regarded positively for their capacities both as 'political entrepreneurs' and as 'development agents', but there is growing cynicism over their abilities to combine these two roles.As polítical entrepreneurs, NGOs have been known to act as catalysts of radical and transformative social change, through their association with grassroots struggle in various forms. As development agents, NGOs have increasingly become key partners of both governments and donor agencies in implementing development programmes. The definitive mainstreaming of NGOs within international development during the last two decades has entailed growing pressures on NGOs, many of which may have started out as small and informal cadre-based organizations, to compete for development funds, formalize their organizational structures and 'scale up' their work. All this seems to have compromised the inclination and ability of NGOs devoted to development to engage in acts that are radically transformative.Size Download Views Download article 897.38 KB -
Is this really the end of the road for gender mainstreaming?
Author: Piálek, Nicholas, Summary
This chapter suggests that a more sanguine approach is required, and that this critique itself should be subject to closer appraisal. Gender mainstreaming (and those implementing and analysing it) should not lose sight of the fact that such a process is fundamentally political. Gender mainstreaming is a form of feminist politics and policy (Walby, 2005: 463) that challenges dominant modes of thinking and practice in organizations working in development. As a consequence, the question that becomes most pertinent to ask is not, 'is this the end of gender mainstreaming?', but instead, 'how are gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across a range of organizational and institutional contexts?' It was with this question in mind that I conducted a three-year research project into gender mainstreaming in development organizations, and in particular Oxfam GB.Size Download Views Download article 913.52 KB -
The ambivalent cosmopolitanism of international NGOs
Author: Yanacopulos, Helen, Baillie Smith, Matt Summary
In this chapter we argue that the relationship between cosmopolitanism and NGOs demands greater caution and serious interrogation. This is not to deny the broad thrust of the connections we have just identified, but to highlight that the relationship is contested and, in some senses, rather more ambivalent than intuition would allow for. We do not necessarily seek to undermine a connection between NGOs and a cosmopolitan politics. But a more systematic exploration of the relationships between development NGOs and cosmopolitan politics can help us understand the capacity of NGOs to offer serious development alternatives, most notably in the form of a transnational politics of justice based on the values of solidarity.Size Download Views Download article 876.71 KB -
Development as reform and counter-reform
Author: Bolnick, Joel, Summary
This chapter discusses the experiences of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a transnational movement of homeless and landless people's federations. Try as it might SDI can never escape the fact that it has these two trajectories as its ancestry, the movement experiences of its affiliates and the aid industry as its benefactor. This coalescence is de facto proof both of the failure of the radical projects of the social movements and of the emergence of the hegemony of foreign aid as the major vehicle for social and economic transformation in the South.Size Download Views Download article 854.65 KB -
Reflections on NGOs and development
Author: Hulme, David, Summary
Defining NGOs and precisely separating them from social movements may be less important than exploring the relationships between entities that seem to have NGO or social-movement characteristics. Rather than judging whether an NGO has contributed to development (the broad set of processes underlying capitalist development) or to Development (the subset of consciously identified interventions aimed at the 'third world') it may be more useful to look at the relationship between an NGO's actions on its 'little d' and 'big D' impacts. I shall strive for clarity in this chapter but recognize that ambiguity is an inevitable component of interpreting the role of NGOs in developmental processes.Size Download Views Download article 467.34 KB
Guía para análisis de amenazas, vulnerabilidades y capacidades "AVC" con la participación de niñas, niños y adolescentes para el contexto urbano
Responsible: por Proyecto DIPECHO y Consorcio PNUD-CRIC-Plan Internacional EcuadorGuía para análisis de amenazas, vulnerabilidades y capacidades "AVC" con la participación de niñas, niños y adolescentes para el contexto urbano
La presente publicación, se trata de un documento que prioriza la protección de los derechos de las niñas, niños y adolescentes en todo el proceso de reducción de riesgos. Es un documento de referencia para aquellas personas que trabajan con niñas y niños el tema de la gestión de riesgos. Al final…
Resp. por Proyecto DIPECHO y Consorcio PNUD-CRIC-Plan Internacional Ecuador
Date: ago. 2012
Guía para análisis de amenazas, vulnerabilidades y capacidades "AVC" con la participación de niñas, niños y adolescentes para el contexto urbano
-
Can NGOs Make a difference?
Author: Bebbington, Anthony, Hickey, Samuel; Mitlin, Diana Summary
The conviction underlying the book is that NGOs are only NGOs in any politically meaningful sense of the term if they are offering alternatives to dominant models, practices and ideas about development. The question that the book addresses is whether -in the face of neoliberalism, the poverty agenda in aid, the new security agenda, institutional maturation (if not senescence), and the simple imperatives of organizational survival -NGOs continue to constitute alternatives.Size Download Views Download article 1.63 MB -
Have NGOs Made a difference? From Manchester to Birmingham with an elephant in the room
Author: Edwards, Michael, Summary
Fifteen years on, the NGO universe has been substantially transformed, with rates of growth in scale and profile that once would have been unthinkable. Yet still the nagging questions remain. Despite the increasing size and sophistication of the development NGO sector, have NGOs really 'made a difference' in the ways the first Manchester Conference intended, or have the reforms that animated the NGO community during the 1990S now run out of steam? In this chapter I try to answer these questions in two ways. First, through a retrospective look at the Manchester conferences -what they taught us, what infiuence they had, and how NGOs have changed. And second, by picking out a couple of especially important challenges in development terms and assessing whether NGOs 'stood up to be counted', so to speak, and did their best in addressing them. These two approaches suggest somewhat different conclusions, which will bring me to the 'elephant in the room' of my title.Size Download Views Download article 718.04 KB -
Challenges to participation, citizenship and democracy
Author: Dagnino, Evelina, Summary
The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges presented by recent developments in Brazil -but also elsewhere -to the participation of civil society in the building of democracy and social justice. The chapter will discuss first the existence of a perverse confluence between participatory and neoliberal political projects. From my point of view, this confluence characterizes the contemporary scenario of the struggle for deepening democracy in Brazil and in most of Latin America. Then it will examine the dispute over different meanings of citizenship, civil society and participation that constitute core referents for the understanding of that confluence, and the form that it takes in the Brazilian context.Size Download Views Download article 798.43 KB -
Learning from Latin America
Author: Biekart, Kees, Summary
This chapter analyses changing policies and agendas of the twenty most important European private aid agencies and networks active in Latin America over the past decade. The analysis is based on a 'mapping exercise, initiated by ALOP, a Latin American network of NGOs. This network feared a gradual withdrawal of this more committed non-governmental aid.Size Download Views Download article 896.26 KB -
Whatever happened to reciprocity?
Author: Thomas, Alan, Summary
This chapter concerns non-governmental organizations and the rationale for their involvement in development. It analyses how donors view NGOs, looking particularly at the example of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), arguing that NGOs are expected to conform to one of two prescribed models of what they do, which tends to ignore or downplay the value basis of what NGOs are and the variety of ways they relate to development.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
Development and the New Security Agenda
Author: Fowler, Alan, Summary
This chapter does not dwell on the many -both just and unjust -critiques of NGO-ism in terms of these and other shortcomings as self-generated constraints on being 'alternative' (e.g. Lewis and Wallace, 2000; Katsui and Wamai, 2006). Rather, the task is to approach the issue of limitations on NGDOs as development alternatives from the direction of a significant reframing of the aid system, broadly labelled 'securitization' (e.g. Duffield, 2002; Fowler, 2005; Howell, 2006).Size Download Views Download article 916.41 KB -
How civil society organizations use evidence to influence policy processes
Author: Pollard, Amy, Court, Julius Summary
The concept of civil society is not new; it has been contested within political philosophy, sociology and social theory for hundreds of years. What is new is the increasing emphasis on the concept over the last decade -'civil society' has become a buzzword within international development. All manner of claims have been made about the potential of 'civil society', and specifically 'civil society organizations' (CSOs), to act as a force to reduce poverty, promote democracy and achieve sustainable development. But how exactly do they do this? Are CSOs always a force for good? What is the proper role of CSOs in international development? How do they influence policy? A number of studies have responded to these questions, identifying a number of issues around the accountability, legitimacy and effectiveness of the sector (Howell and Pearce, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Edwards, 2004; Van Rooy, 1999; Anheier et al., 2004).Size Download Views Download article 916.79 KB -
Civil society participation as the focus of northern NGO support
Author: Guijt, Irene, Summary
This chapter draws on a recent evaluation that examined how the support given between 1999 and 2004 was used by four of the CFAs -CORDAID, HIVOS, Oxfam NOVIB and Plan Netherlands -to further 'civil society participation' in Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Sri Lanka and Uganda.Size Download Views Download article 995.54 KB -
Producing knowledge, generating alternatives?
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuellar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Cati; López, Adrian; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, Jose Luis; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
What do non-profit organizations whose primary role is to produce knowledge contribute to development alternatives? The question is not an idle one. As the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty agenda impress themselves ever more firmly on the criteria used to allocate international cooperation and national development budgets, research-oriented NGOs, and research activities within multi-functional NGOs, have found it increasingly difficult to secure funding. In this context, being clear on the nature, role and purpose of such NGOs is urgent, otherwise research activities in progressive NGOs will wither away, leaving the non-profit knowledge-generation field open to business-supported, more conservative and well-funded think-tanks. This urgency is both institutional (to offset an organizational demise that occurs by default rather than because of any clear strategic reasoning) and political (to avoid the further colonization of public debate and discourse by a core set of broadly neoliberal principIes encoded in different policy prescriptions and conceptual arguments).Size Download Views Download article 1000.77 KB -
Anxieties and affirmations
Author: Racelis, Mary, Summary
This chapter examines ways in which Philippine NGOs and their partner People's Organizations (POs) have broadened and protected democratic spaces through mobilizing, taking action and engaging in advocacy for social reform, structural change and the redefinition of donor priorities and operational modes. After a review of development challenges faced by NGOs, the discussion features three mini-cases illustrative of both small and large d/Development processes. One account examines Naga City slum upgrading activities in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon. The two others focus on activities centred in Metro Manila but which affect NGO/PO activities nationwide.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Reinventing international NGOs
Author: Derksen, Harry, Verhallen, Pim Summary
The chapter first gives a brief description of developments in international debates on development. We draw attention to the depoliticization of development thought and practice, as well as the introduction of neoliberal policies of privatization and market instruments in the development architecture both in general and more specifically in the Dutch co-funding programme. We will try to identify the most important implications of these changes, for the work of Dutch international NGOs (INGOs), for the activities of their non-governmental partners overseas and for their joint ability to contribute effectively to the fight against exclusion and poverty. Lastly, we will describe how in the face of these difterent pressures, our own organization in introducing substantial changes to its strategies and ways of working, changes that aim to ensure our possibilities for making a difference for rhe poor and excluded.Size Download Views Download article 893.94 KB -
Transforming or conforming?
Author: Bristow, Katie, Summary
The chapter will argue that the mesh of factors are part of the conscious and unconscious strategies used by social groups, in this case relating to different health systems, to maintain, promote and defend their specific world-view, knowledge and practice. A theoretical framework will be used to explore how power to influence is made relative using Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1971) conscious hegemonic strategies together with Bourdieu's (Bourdieu, 1989) unconscious mechanisms of habitus and field. The framework will be applied to two NGOs in Bolivia, 'CÓDIGO' Bolivia and World Vision's PDA in Santivañez (Programa de Desarrollo del Area, Area Development Programme), and their training and management of community health promoters.Size Download Views Download article 945.43 KB -
Political enterpreneurs or development agents
Author: Chhotray, Vasudha, Summary
NGOs the world over have been regarded positively for their capacities both as 'political entrepreneurs' and as 'development agents', but there is growing cynicism over their abilities to combine these two roles.As polítical entrepreneurs, NGOs have been known to act as catalysts of radical and transformative social change, through their association with grassroots struggle in various forms. As development agents, NGOs have increasingly become key partners of both governments and donor agencies in implementing development programmes. The definitive mainstreaming of NGOs within international development during the last two decades has entailed growing pressures on NGOs, many of which may have started out as small and informal cadre-based organizations, to compete for development funds, formalize their organizational structures and 'scale up' their work. All this seems to have compromised the inclination and ability of NGOs devoted to development to engage in acts that are radically transformative.Size Download Views Download article 897.38 KB -
Is this really the end of the road for gender mainstreaming?
Author: Piálek, Nicholas, Summary
This chapter suggests that a more sanguine approach is required, and that this critique itself should be subject to closer appraisal. Gender mainstreaming (and those implementing and analysing it) should not lose sight of the fact that such a process is fundamentally political. Gender mainstreaming is a form of feminist politics and policy (Walby, 2005: 463) that challenges dominant modes of thinking and practice in organizations working in development. As a consequence, the question that becomes most pertinent to ask is not, 'is this the end of gender mainstreaming?', but instead, 'how are gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across a range of organizational and institutional contexts?' It was with this question in mind that I conducted a three-year research project into gender mainstreaming in development organizations, and in particular Oxfam GB.Size Download Views Download article 913.52 KB -
The ambivalent cosmopolitanism of international NGOs
Author: Yanacopulos, Helen, Baillie Smith, Matt Summary
In this chapter we argue that the relationship between cosmopolitanism and NGOs demands greater caution and serious interrogation. This is not to deny the broad thrust of the connections we have just identified, but to highlight that the relationship is contested and, in some senses, rather more ambivalent than intuition would allow for. We do not necessarily seek to undermine a connection between NGOs and a cosmopolitan politics. But a more systematic exploration of the relationships between development NGOs and cosmopolitan politics can help us understand the capacity of NGOs to offer serious development alternatives, most notably in the form of a transnational politics of justice based on the values of solidarity.Size Download Views Download article 876.71 KB -
Development as reform and counter-reform
Author: Bolnick, Joel, Summary
This chapter discusses the experiences of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a transnational movement of homeless and landless people's federations. Try as it might SDI can never escape the fact that it has these two trajectories as its ancestry, the movement experiences of its affiliates and the aid industry as its benefactor. This coalescence is de facto proof both of the failure of the radical projects of the social movements and of the emergence of the hegemony of foreign aid as the major vehicle for social and economic transformation in the South.Size Download Views Download article 854.65 KB -
Reflections on NGOs and development
Author: Hulme, David, Summary
Defining NGOs and precisely separating them from social movements may be less important than exploring the relationships between entities that seem to have NGO or social-movement characteristics. Rather than judging whether an NGO has contributed to development (the broad set of processes underlying capitalist development) or to Development (the subset of consciously identified interventions aimed at the 'third world') it may be more useful to look at the relationship between an NGO's actions on its 'little d' and 'big D' impacts. I shall strive for clarity in this chapter but recognize that ambiguity is an inevitable component of interpreting the role of NGOs in developmental processes.Size Download Views Download article 467.34 KB
R.A.E. petróleo y conflicto
Author: Narváez Quiñonez, IvánR.A.E. petróleo y conflicto
La Amazonía es una región compleja y heterogénea. Cualquier simplismo en el análisis y la percepción de esta Región puede resultar muy peligroso. Es muy difícil la delimitación de la región para fines del desarrollo, porque existen muchas amazonías, dependiendo del punto de vista de los…
Date: 1998
R.A.E. petróleo y conflicto
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Can NGOs Make a difference?
Author: Bebbington, Anthony, Hickey, Samuel; Mitlin, Diana Summary
The conviction underlying the book is that NGOs are only NGOs in any politically meaningful sense of the term if they are offering alternatives to dominant models, practices and ideas about development. The question that the book addresses is whether -in the face of neoliberalism, the poverty agenda in aid, the new security agenda, institutional maturation (if not senescence), and the simple imperatives of organizational survival -NGOs continue to constitute alternatives.Size Download Views Download article 1.63 MB -
Have NGOs Made a difference? From Manchester to Birmingham with an elephant in the room
Author: Edwards, Michael, Summary
Fifteen years on, the NGO universe has been substantially transformed, with rates of growth in scale and profile that once would have been unthinkable. Yet still the nagging questions remain. Despite the increasing size and sophistication of the development NGO sector, have NGOs really 'made a difference' in the ways the first Manchester Conference intended, or have the reforms that animated the NGO community during the 1990S now run out of steam? In this chapter I try to answer these questions in two ways. First, through a retrospective look at the Manchester conferences -what they taught us, what infiuence they had, and how NGOs have changed. And second, by picking out a couple of especially important challenges in development terms and assessing whether NGOs 'stood up to be counted', so to speak, and did their best in addressing them. These two approaches suggest somewhat different conclusions, which will bring me to the 'elephant in the room' of my title.Size Download Views Download article 718.04 KB -
Challenges to participation, citizenship and democracy
Author: Dagnino, Evelina, Summary
The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges presented by recent developments in Brazil -but also elsewhere -to the participation of civil society in the building of democracy and social justice. The chapter will discuss first the existence of a perverse confluence between participatory and neoliberal political projects. From my point of view, this confluence characterizes the contemporary scenario of the struggle for deepening democracy in Brazil and in most of Latin America. Then it will examine the dispute over different meanings of citizenship, civil society and participation that constitute core referents for the understanding of that confluence, and the form that it takes in the Brazilian context.Size Download Views Download article 798.43 KB -
Learning from Latin America
Author: Biekart, Kees, Summary
This chapter analyses changing policies and agendas of the twenty most important European private aid agencies and networks active in Latin America over the past decade. The analysis is based on a 'mapping exercise, initiated by ALOP, a Latin American network of NGOs. This network feared a gradual withdrawal of this more committed non-governmental aid.Size Download Views Download article 896.26 KB -
Whatever happened to reciprocity?
Author: Thomas, Alan, Summary
This chapter concerns non-governmental organizations and the rationale for their involvement in development. It analyses how donors view NGOs, looking particularly at the example of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), arguing that NGOs are expected to conform to one of two prescribed models of what they do, which tends to ignore or downplay the value basis of what NGOs are and the variety of ways they relate to development.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
Development and the New Security Agenda
Author: Fowler, Alan, Summary
This chapter does not dwell on the many -both just and unjust -critiques of NGO-ism in terms of these and other shortcomings as self-generated constraints on being 'alternative' (e.g. Lewis and Wallace, 2000; Katsui and Wamai, 2006). Rather, the task is to approach the issue of limitations on NGDOs as development alternatives from the direction of a significant reframing of the aid system, broadly labelled 'securitization' (e.g. Duffield, 2002; Fowler, 2005; Howell, 2006).Size Download Views Download article 916.41 KB -
How civil society organizations use evidence to influence policy processes
Author: Pollard, Amy, Court, Julius Summary
The concept of civil society is not new; it has been contested within political philosophy, sociology and social theory for hundreds of years. What is new is the increasing emphasis on the concept over the last decade -'civil society' has become a buzzword within international development. All manner of claims have been made about the potential of 'civil society', and specifically 'civil society organizations' (CSOs), to act as a force to reduce poverty, promote democracy and achieve sustainable development. But how exactly do they do this? Are CSOs always a force for good? What is the proper role of CSOs in international development? How do they influence policy? A number of studies have responded to these questions, identifying a number of issues around the accountability, legitimacy and effectiveness of the sector (Howell and Pearce, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Edwards, 2004; Van Rooy, 1999; Anheier et al., 2004).Size Download Views Download article 916.79 KB -
Civil society participation as the focus of northern NGO support
Author: Guijt, Irene, Summary
This chapter draws on a recent evaluation that examined how the support given between 1999 and 2004 was used by four of the CFAs -CORDAID, HIVOS, Oxfam NOVIB and Plan Netherlands -to further 'civil society participation' in Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Sri Lanka and Uganda.Size Download Views Download article 995.54 KB -
Producing knowledge, generating alternatives?
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuellar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Cati; López, Adrian; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, Jose Luis; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
What do non-profit organizations whose primary role is to produce knowledge contribute to development alternatives? The question is not an idle one. As the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty agenda impress themselves ever more firmly on the criteria used to allocate international cooperation and national development budgets, research-oriented NGOs, and research activities within multi-functional NGOs, have found it increasingly difficult to secure funding. In this context, being clear on the nature, role and purpose of such NGOs is urgent, otherwise research activities in progressive NGOs will wither away, leaving the non-profit knowledge-generation field open to business-supported, more conservative and well-funded think-tanks. This urgency is both institutional (to offset an organizational demise that occurs by default rather than because of any clear strategic reasoning) and political (to avoid the further colonization of public debate and discourse by a core set of broadly neoliberal principIes encoded in different policy prescriptions and conceptual arguments).Size Download Views Download article 1000.77 KB -
Anxieties and affirmations
Author: Racelis, Mary, Summary
This chapter examines ways in which Philippine NGOs and their partner People's Organizations (POs) have broadened and protected democratic spaces through mobilizing, taking action and engaging in advocacy for social reform, structural change and the redefinition of donor priorities and operational modes. After a review of development challenges faced by NGOs, the discussion features three mini-cases illustrative of both small and large d/Development processes. One account examines Naga City slum upgrading activities in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon. The two others focus on activities centred in Metro Manila but which affect NGO/PO activities nationwide.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Reinventing international NGOs
Author: Derksen, Harry, Verhallen, Pim Summary
The chapter first gives a brief description of developments in international debates on development. We draw attention to the depoliticization of development thought and practice, as well as the introduction of neoliberal policies of privatization and market instruments in the development architecture both in general and more specifically in the Dutch co-funding programme. We will try to identify the most important implications of these changes, for the work of Dutch international NGOs (INGOs), for the activities of their non-governmental partners overseas and for their joint ability to contribute effectively to the fight against exclusion and poverty. Lastly, we will describe how in the face of these difterent pressures, our own organization in introducing substantial changes to its strategies and ways of working, changes that aim to ensure our possibilities for making a difference for rhe poor and excluded.Size Download Views Download article 893.94 KB -
Transforming or conforming?
Author: Bristow, Katie, Summary
The chapter will argue that the mesh of factors are part of the conscious and unconscious strategies used by social groups, in this case relating to different health systems, to maintain, promote and defend their specific world-view, knowledge and practice. A theoretical framework will be used to explore how power to influence is made relative using Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1971) conscious hegemonic strategies together with Bourdieu's (Bourdieu, 1989) unconscious mechanisms of habitus and field. The framework will be applied to two NGOs in Bolivia, 'CÓDIGO' Bolivia and World Vision's PDA in Santivañez (Programa de Desarrollo del Area, Area Development Programme), and their training and management of community health promoters.Size Download Views Download article 945.43 KB -
Political enterpreneurs or development agents
Author: Chhotray, Vasudha, Summary
NGOs the world over have been regarded positively for their capacities both as 'political entrepreneurs' and as 'development agents', but there is growing cynicism over their abilities to combine these two roles.As polítical entrepreneurs, NGOs have been known to act as catalysts of radical and transformative social change, through their association with grassroots struggle in various forms. As development agents, NGOs have increasingly become key partners of both governments and donor agencies in implementing development programmes. The definitive mainstreaming of NGOs within international development during the last two decades has entailed growing pressures on NGOs, many of which may have started out as small and informal cadre-based organizations, to compete for development funds, formalize their organizational structures and 'scale up' their work. All this seems to have compromised the inclination and ability of NGOs devoted to development to engage in acts that are radically transformative.Size Download Views Download article 897.38 KB -
Is this really the end of the road for gender mainstreaming?
Author: Piálek, Nicholas, Summary
This chapter suggests that a more sanguine approach is required, and that this critique itself should be subject to closer appraisal. Gender mainstreaming (and those implementing and analysing it) should not lose sight of the fact that such a process is fundamentally political. Gender mainstreaming is a form of feminist politics and policy (Walby, 2005: 463) that challenges dominant modes of thinking and practice in organizations working in development. As a consequence, the question that becomes most pertinent to ask is not, 'is this the end of gender mainstreaming?', but instead, 'how are gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across a range of organizational and institutional contexts?' It was with this question in mind that I conducted a three-year research project into gender mainstreaming in development organizations, and in particular Oxfam GB.Size Download Views Download article 913.52 KB -
The ambivalent cosmopolitanism of international NGOs
Author: Yanacopulos, Helen, Baillie Smith, Matt Summary
In this chapter we argue that the relationship between cosmopolitanism and NGOs demands greater caution and serious interrogation. This is not to deny the broad thrust of the connections we have just identified, but to highlight that the relationship is contested and, in some senses, rather more ambivalent than intuition would allow for. We do not necessarily seek to undermine a connection between NGOs and a cosmopolitan politics. But a more systematic exploration of the relationships between development NGOs and cosmopolitan politics can help us understand the capacity of NGOs to offer serious development alternatives, most notably in the form of a transnational politics of justice based on the values of solidarity.Size Download Views Download article 876.71 KB -
Development as reform and counter-reform
Author: Bolnick, Joel, Summary
This chapter discusses the experiences of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a transnational movement of homeless and landless people's federations. Try as it might SDI can never escape the fact that it has these two trajectories as its ancestry, the movement experiences of its affiliates and the aid industry as its benefactor. This coalescence is de facto proof both of the failure of the radical projects of the social movements and of the emergence of the hegemony of foreign aid as the major vehicle for social and economic transformation in the South.Size Download Views Download article 854.65 KB -
Reflections on NGOs and development
Author: Hulme, David, Summary
Defining NGOs and precisely separating them from social movements may be less important than exploring the relationships between entities that seem to have NGO or social-movement characteristics. Rather than judging whether an NGO has contributed to development (the broad set of processes underlying capitalist development) or to Development (the subset of consciously identified interventions aimed at the 'third world') it may be more useful to look at the relationship between an NGO's actions on its 'little d' and 'big D' impacts. I shall strive for clarity in this chapter but recognize that ambiguity is an inevitable component of interpreting the role of NGOs in developmental processes.Size Download Views Download article 467.34 KB
Plan operativo de derechos humanos 1999-2003
Author: Chiriboga Zambrano, Galo, coord.
Responsible: coord. Galo Chiriboga Zambrano ; Vjekoslav Darlic Mardesic.Plan operativo de derechos humanos 1999-2003
Quizás hay dos especificidades fundamentales que caracterizan a la presente publicación: el interés de las organizaciones en fortalecer la democracia y su activa participación para proponer acciones que hagan vigente el Plan Nacional de Derechos Humanos en el Ecuador. La crisis económica,…
Resp. coord. Galo Chiriboga Zambrano ; Vjekoslav Darlic Mardesic.
Date: 1999
Plan operativo de derechos humanos 1999-2003
-
Can NGOs Make a difference?
Author: Bebbington, Anthony, Hickey, Samuel; Mitlin, Diana Summary
The conviction underlying the book is that NGOs are only NGOs in any politically meaningful sense of the term if they are offering alternatives to dominant models, practices and ideas about development. The question that the book addresses is whether -in the face of neoliberalism, the poverty agenda in aid, the new security agenda, institutional maturation (if not senescence), and the simple imperatives of organizational survival -NGOs continue to constitute alternatives.Size Download Views Download article 1.63 MB -
Have NGOs Made a difference? From Manchester to Birmingham with an elephant in the room
Author: Edwards, Michael, Summary
Fifteen years on, the NGO universe has been substantially transformed, with rates of growth in scale and profile that once would have been unthinkable. Yet still the nagging questions remain. Despite the increasing size and sophistication of the development NGO sector, have NGOs really 'made a difference' in the ways the first Manchester Conference intended, or have the reforms that animated the NGO community during the 1990S now run out of steam? In this chapter I try to answer these questions in two ways. First, through a retrospective look at the Manchester conferences -what they taught us, what infiuence they had, and how NGOs have changed. And second, by picking out a couple of especially important challenges in development terms and assessing whether NGOs 'stood up to be counted', so to speak, and did their best in addressing them. These two approaches suggest somewhat different conclusions, which will bring me to the 'elephant in the room' of my title.Size Download Views Download article 718.04 KB -
Challenges to participation, citizenship and democracy
Author: Dagnino, Evelina, Summary
The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges presented by recent developments in Brazil -but also elsewhere -to the participation of civil society in the building of democracy and social justice. The chapter will discuss first the existence of a perverse confluence between participatory and neoliberal political projects. From my point of view, this confluence characterizes the contemporary scenario of the struggle for deepening democracy in Brazil and in most of Latin America. Then it will examine the dispute over different meanings of citizenship, civil society and participation that constitute core referents for the understanding of that confluence, and the form that it takes in the Brazilian context.Size Download Views Download article 798.43 KB -
Learning from Latin America
Author: Biekart, Kees, Summary
This chapter analyses changing policies and agendas of the twenty most important European private aid agencies and networks active in Latin America over the past decade. The analysis is based on a 'mapping exercise, initiated by ALOP, a Latin American network of NGOs. This network feared a gradual withdrawal of this more committed non-governmental aid.Size Download Views Download article 896.26 KB -
Whatever happened to reciprocity?
Author: Thomas, Alan, Summary
This chapter concerns non-governmental organizations and the rationale for their involvement in development. It analyses how donors view NGOs, looking particularly at the example of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), arguing that NGOs are expected to conform to one of two prescribed models of what they do, which tends to ignore or downplay the value basis of what NGOs are and the variety of ways they relate to development.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
Development and the New Security Agenda
Author: Fowler, Alan, Summary
This chapter does not dwell on the many -both just and unjust -critiques of NGO-ism in terms of these and other shortcomings as self-generated constraints on being 'alternative' (e.g. Lewis and Wallace, 2000; Katsui and Wamai, 2006). Rather, the task is to approach the issue of limitations on NGDOs as development alternatives from the direction of a significant reframing of the aid system, broadly labelled 'securitization' (e.g. Duffield, 2002; Fowler, 2005; Howell, 2006).Size Download Views Download article 916.41 KB -
How civil society organizations use evidence to influence policy processes
Author: Pollard, Amy, Court, Julius Summary
The concept of civil society is not new; it has been contested within political philosophy, sociology and social theory for hundreds of years. What is new is the increasing emphasis on the concept over the last decade -'civil society' has become a buzzword within international development. All manner of claims have been made about the potential of 'civil society', and specifically 'civil society organizations' (CSOs), to act as a force to reduce poverty, promote democracy and achieve sustainable development. But how exactly do they do this? Are CSOs always a force for good? What is the proper role of CSOs in international development? How do they influence policy? A number of studies have responded to these questions, identifying a number of issues around the accountability, legitimacy and effectiveness of the sector (Howell and Pearce, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Edwards, 2004; Van Rooy, 1999; Anheier et al., 2004).Size Download Views Download article 916.79 KB -
Civil society participation as the focus of northern NGO support
Author: Guijt, Irene, Summary
This chapter draws on a recent evaluation that examined how the support given between 1999 and 2004 was used by four of the CFAs -CORDAID, HIVOS, Oxfam NOVIB and Plan Netherlands -to further 'civil society participation' in Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Sri Lanka and Uganda.Size Download Views Download article 995.54 KB -
Producing knowledge, generating alternatives?
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuellar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Cati; López, Adrian; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, Jose Luis; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
What do non-profit organizations whose primary role is to produce knowledge contribute to development alternatives? The question is not an idle one. As the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty agenda impress themselves ever more firmly on the criteria used to allocate international cooperation and national development budgets, research-oriented NGOs, and research activities within multi-functional NGOs, have found it increasingly difficult to secure funding. In this context, being clear on the nature, role and purpose of such NGOs is urgent, otherwise research activities in progressive NGOs will wither away, leaving the non-profit knowledge-generation field open to business-supported, more conservative and well-funded think-tanks. This urgency is both institutional (to offset an organizational demise that occurs by default rather than because of any clear strategic reasoning) and political (to avoid the further colonization of public debate and discourse by a core set of broadly neoliberal principIes encoded in different policy prescriptions and conceptual arguments).Size Download Views Download article 1000.77 KB -
Anxieties and affirmations
Author: Racelis, Mary, Summary
This chapter examines ways in which Philippine NGOs and their partner People's Organizations (POs) have broadened and protected democratic spaces through mobilizing, taking action and engaging in advocacy for social reform, structural change and the redefinition of donor priorities and operational modes. After a review of development challenges faced by NGOs, the discussion features three mini-cases illustrative of both small and large d/Development processes. One account examines Naga City slum upgrading activities in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon. The two others focus on activities centred in Metro Manila but which affect NGO/PO activities nationwide.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Reinventing international NGOs
Author: Derksen, Harry, Verhallen, Pim Summary
The chapter first gives a brief description of developments in international debates on development. We draw attention to the depoliticization of development thought and practice, as well as the introduction of neoliberal policies of privatization and market instruments in the development architecture both in general and more specifically in the Dutch co-funding programme. We will try to identify the most important implications of these changes, for the work of Dutch international NGOs (INGOs), for the activities of their non-governmental partners overseas and for their joint ability to contribute effectively to the fight against exclusion and poverty. Lastly, we will describe how in the face of these difterent pressures, our own organization in introducing substantial changes to its strategies and ways of working, changes that aim to ensure our possibilities for making a difference for rhe poor and excluded.Size Download Views Download article 893.94 KB -
Transforming or conforming?
Author: Bristow, Katie, Summary
The chapter will argue that the mesh of factors are part of the conscious and unconscious strategies used by social groups, in this case relating to different health systems, to maintain, promote and defend their specific world-view, knowledge and practice. A theoretical framework will be used to explore how power to influence is made relative using Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1971) conscious hegemonic strategies together with Bourdieu's (Bourdieu, 1989) unconscious mechanisms of habitus and field. The framework will be applied to two NGOs in Bolivia, 'CÓDIGO' Bolivia and World Vision's PDA in Santivañez (Programa de Desarrollo del Area, Area Development Programme), and their training and management of community health promoters.Size Download Views Download article 945.43 KB -
Political enterpreneurs or development agents
Author: Chhotray, Vasudha, Summary
NGOs the world over have been regarded positively for their capacities both as 'political entrepreneurs' and as 'development agents', but there is growing cynicism over their abilities to combine these two roles.As polítical entrepreneurs, NGOs have been known to act as catalysts of radical and transformative social change, through their association with grassroots struggle in various forms. As development agents, NGOs have increasingly become key partners of both governments and donor agencies in implementing development programmes. The definitive mainstreaming of NGOs within international development during the last two decades has entailed growing pressures on NGOs, many of which may have started out as small and informal cadre-based organizations, to compete for development funds, formalize their organizational structures and 'scale up' their work. All this seems to have compromised the inclination and ability of NGOs devoted to development to engage in acts that are radically transformative.Size Download Views Download article 897.38 KB -
Is this really the end of the road for gender mainstreaming?
Author: Piálek, Nicholas, Summary
This chapter suggests that a more sanguine approach is required, and that this critique itself should be subject to closer appraisal. Gender mainstreaming (and those implementing and analysing it) should not lose sight of the fact that such a process is fundamentally political. Gender mainstreaming is a form of feminist politics and policy (Walby, 2005: 463) that challenges dominant modes of thinking and practice in organizations working in development. As a consequence, the question that becomes most pertinent to ask is not, 'is this the end of gender mainstreaming?', but instead, 'how are gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across a range of organizational and institutional contexts?' It was with this question in mind that I conducted a three-year research project into gender mainstreaming in development organizations, and in particular Oxfam GB.Size Download Views Download article 913.52 KB -
The ambivalent cosmopolitanism of international NGOs
Author: Yanacopulos, Helen, Baillie Smith, Matt Summary
In this chapter we argue that the relationship between cosmopolitanism and NGOs demands greater caution and serious interrogation. This is not to deny the broad thrust of the connections we have just identified, but to highlight that the relationship is contested and, in some senses, rather more ambivalent than intuition would allow for. We do not necessarily seek to undermine a connection between NGOs and a cosmopolitan politics. But a more systematic exploration of the relationships between development NGOs and cosmopolitan politics can help us understand the capacity of NGOs to offer serious development alternatives, most notably in the form of a transnational politics of justice based on the values of solidarity.Size Download Views Download article 876.71 KB -
Development as reform and counter-reform
Author: Bolnick, Joel, Summary
This chapter discusses the experiences of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a transnational movement of homeless and landless people's federations. Try as it might SDI can never escape the fact that it has these two trajectories as its ancestry, the movement experiences of its affiliates and the aid industry as its benefactor. This coalescence is de facto proof both of the failure of the radical projects of the social movements and of the emergence of the hegemony of foreign aid as the major vehicle for social and economic transformation in the South.Size Download Views Download article 854.65 KB -
Reflections on NGOs and development
Author: Hulme, David, Summary
Defining NGOs and precisely separating them from social movements may be less important than exploring the relationships between entities that seem to have NGO or social-movement characteristics. Rather than judging whether an NGO has contributed to development (the broad set of processes underlying capitalist development) or to Development (the subset of consciously identified interventions aimed at the 'third world') it may be more useful to look at the relationship between an NGO's actions on its 'little d' and 'big D' impacts. I shall strive for clarity in this chapter but recognize that ambiguity is an inevitable component of interpreting the role of NGOs in developmental processes.Size Download Views Download article 467.34 KB
Global environment outlook GEO-4
Responsible: United Nations Environment ProgrammeGlobal environment outlook GEO-4
Perspectivas del Medio Ambiente Mundial: medio ambiente para el desarrollo (GEO-4) informe aparece en lo puede llegar a ser un gran año - un año cuando la humanidad se enfrenta a la escala y el ritmo de degradación del medio ambiente con un nuevo sentido de realismo y honestidad emparejado por la…
Resp. United Nations Environment Programme
Date: 2007
Global environment outlook GEO-4
-
Can NGOs Make a difference?
Author: Bebbington, Anthony, Hickey, Samuel; Mitlin, Diana Summary
The conviction underlying the book is that NGOs are only NGOs in any politically meaningful sense of the term if they are offering alternatives to dominant models, practices and ideas about development. The question that the book addresses is whether -in the face of neoliberalism, the poverty agenda in aid, the new security agenda, institutional maturation (if not senescence), and the simple imperatives of organizational survival -NGOs continue to constitute alternatives.Size Download Views Download article 1.63 MB -
Have NGOs Made a difference? From Manchester to Birmingham with an elephant in the room
Author: Edwards, Michael, Summary
Fifteen years on, the NGO universe has been substantially transformed, with rates of growth in scale and profile that once would have been unthinkable. Yet still the nagging questions remain. Despite the increasing size and sophistication of the development NGO sector, have NGOs really 'made a difference' in the ways the first Manchester Conference intended, or have the reforms that animated the NGO community during the 1990S now run out of steam? In this chapter I try to answer these questions in two ways. First, through a retrospective look at the Manchester conferences -what they taught us, what infiuence they had, and how NGOs have changed. And second, by picking out a couple of especially important challenges in development terms and assessing whether NGOs 'stood up to be counted', so to speak, and did their best in addressing them. These two approaches suggest somewhat different conclusions, which will bring me to the 'elephant in the room' of my title.Size Download Views Download article 718.04 KB -
Challenges to participation, citizenship and democracy
Author: Dagnino, Evelina, Summary
The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges presented by recent developments in Brazil -but also elsewhere -to the participation of civil society in the building of democracy and social justice. The chapter will discuss first the existence of a perverse confluence between participatory and neoliberal political projects. From my point of view, this confluence characterizes the contemporary scenario of the struggle for deepening democracy in Brazil and in most of Latin America. Then it will examine the dispute over different meanings of citizenship, civil society and participation that constitute core referents for the understanding of that confluence, and the form that it takes in the Brazilian context.Size Download Views Download article 798.43 KB -
Learning from Latin America
Author: Biekart, Kees, Summary
This chapter analyses changing policies and agendas of the twenty most important European private aid agencies and networks active in Latin America over the past decade. The analysis is based on a 'mapping exercise, initiated by ALOP, a Latin American network of NGOs. This network feared a gradual withdrawal of this more committed non-governmental aid.Size Download Views Download article 896.26 KB -
Whatever happened to reciprocity?
Author: Thomas, Alan, Summary
This chapter concerns non-governmental organizations and the rationale for their involvement in development. It analyses how donors view NGOs, looking particularly at the example of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), arguing that NGOs are expected to conform to one of two prescribed models of what they do, which tends to ignore or downplay the value basis of what NGOs are and the variety of ways they relate to development.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
Development and the New Security Agenda
Author: Fowler, Alan, Summary
This chapter does not dwell on the many -both just and unjust -critiques of NGO-ism in terms of these and other shortcomings as self-generated constraints on being 'alternative' (e.g. Lewis and Wallace, 2000; Katsui and Wamai, 2006). Rather, the task is to approach the issue of limitations on NGDOs as development alternatives from the direction of a significant reframing of the aid system, broadly labelled 'securitization' (e.g. Duffield, 2002; Fowler, 2005; Howell, 2006).Size Download Views Download article 916.41 KB -
How civil society organizations use evidence to influence policy processes
Author: Pollard, Amy, Court, Julius Summary
The concept of civil society is not new; it has been contested within political philosophy, sociology and social theory for hundreds of years. What is new is the increasing emphasis on the concept over the last decade -'civil society' has become a buzzword within international development. All manner of claims have been made about the potential of 'civil society', and specifically 'civil society organizations' (CSOs), to act as a force to reduce poverty, promote democracy and achieve sustainable development. But how exactly do they do this? Are CSOs always a force for good? What is the proper role of CSOs in international development? How do they influence policy? A number of studies have responded to these questions, identifying a number of issues around the accountability, legitimacy and effectiveness of the sector (Howell and Pearce, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Edwards, 2004; Van Rooy, 1999; Anheier et al., 2004).Size Download Views Download article 916.79 KB -
Civil society participation as the focus of northern NGO support
Author: Guijt, Irene, Summary
This chapter draws on a recent evaluation that examined how the support given between 1999 and 2004 was used by four of the CFAs -CORDAID, HIVOS, Oxfam NOVIB and Plan Netherlands -to further 'civil society participation' in Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Sri Lanka and Uganda.Size Download Views Download article 995.54 KB -
Producing knowledge, generating alternatives?
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuellar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Cati; López, Adrian; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, Jose Luis; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
What do non-profit organizations whose primary role is to produce knowledge contribute to development alternatives? The question is not an idle one. As the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty agenda impress themselves ever more firmly on the criteria used to allocate international cooperation and national development budgets, research-oriented NGOs, and research activities within multi-functional NGOs, have found it increasingly difficult to secure funding. In this context, being clear on the nature, role and purpose of such NGOs is urgent, otherwise research activities in progressive NGOs will wither away, leaving the non-profit knowledge-generation field open to business-supported, more conservative and well-funded think-tanks. This urgency is both institutional (to offset an organizational demise that occurs by default rather than because of any clear strategic reasoning) and political (to avoid the further colonization of public debate and discourse by a core set of broadly neoliberal principIes encoded in different policy prescriptions and conceptual arguments).Size Download Views Download article 1000.77 KB -
Anxieties and affirmations
Author: Racelis, Mary, Summary
This chapter examines ways in which Philippine NGOs and their partner People's Organizations (POs) have broadened and protected democratic spaces through mobilizing, taking action and engaging in advocacy for social reform, structural change and the redefinition of donor priorities and operational modes. After a review of development challenges faced by NGOs, the discussion features three mini-cases illustrative of both small and large d/Development processes. One account examines Naga City slum upgrading activities in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon. The two others focus on activities centred in Metro Manila but which affect NGO/PO activities nationwide.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Reinventing international NGOs
Author: Derksen, Harry, Verhallen, Pim Summary
The chapter first gives a brief description of developments in international debates on development. We draw attention to the depoliticization of development thought and practice, as well as the introduction of neoliberal policies of privatization and market instruments in the development architecture both in general and more specifically in the Dutch co-funding programme. We will try to identify the most important implications of these changes, for the work of Dutch international NGOs (INGOs), for the activities of their non-governmental partners overseas and for their joint ability to contribute effectively to the fight against exclusion and poverty. Lastly, we will describe how in the face of these difterent pressures, our own organization in introducing substantial changes to its strategies and ways of working, changes that aim to ensure our possibilities for making a difference for rhe poor and excluded.Size Download Views Download article 893.94 KB -
Transforming or conforming?
Author: Bristow, Katie, Summary
The chapter will argue that the mesh of factors are part of the conscious and unconscious strategies used by social groups, in this case relating to different health systems, to maintain, promote and defend their specific world-view, knowledge and practice. A theoretical framework will be used to explore how power to influence is made relative using Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1971) conscious hegemonic strategies together with Bourdieu's (Bourdieu, 1989) unconscious mechanisms of habitus and field. The framework will be applied to two NGOs in Bolivia, 'CÓDIGO' Bolivia and World Vision's PDA in Santivañez (Programa de Desarrollo del Area, Area Development Programme), and their training and management of community health promoters.Size Download Views Download article 945.43 KB -
Political enterpreneurs or development agents
Author: Chhotray, Vasudha, Summary
NGOs the world over have been regarded positively for their capacities both as 'political entrepreneurs' and as 'development agents', but there is growing cynicism over their abilities to combine these two roles.As polítical entrepreneurs, NGOs have been known to act as catalysts of radical and transformative social change, through their association with grassroots struggle in various forms. As development agents, NGOs have increasingly become key partners of both governments and donor agencies in implementing development programmes. The definitive mainstreaming of NGOs within international development during the last two decades has entailed growing pressures on NGOs, many of which may have started out as small and informal cadre-based organizations, to compete for development funds, formalize their organizational structures and 'scale up' their work. All this seems to have compromised the inclination and ability of NGOs devoted to development to engage in acts that are radically transformative.Size Download Views Download article 897.38 KB -
Is this really the end of the road for gender mainstreaming?
Author: Piálek, Nicholas, Summary
This chapter suggests that a more sanguine approach is required, and that this critique itself should be subject to closer appraisal. Gender mainstreaming (and those implementing and analysing it) should not lose sight of the fact that such a process is fundamentally political. Gender mainstreaming is a form of feminist politics and policy (Walby, 2005: 463) that challenges dominant modes of thinking and practice in organizations working in development. As a consequence, the question that becomes most pertinent to ask is not, 'is this the end of gender mainstreaming?', but instead, 'how are gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across a range of organizational and institutional contexts?' It was with this question in mind that I conducted a three-year research project into gender mainstreaming in development organizations, and in particular Oxfam GB.Size Download Views Download article 913.52 KB -
The ambivalent cosmopolitanism of international NGOs
Author: Yanacopulos, Helen, Baillie Smith, Matt Summary
In this chapter we argue that the relationship between cosmopolitanism and NGOs demands greater caution and serious interrogation. This is not to deny the broad thrust of the connections we have just identified, but to highlight that the relationship is contested and, in some senses, rather more ambivalent than intuition would allow for. We do not necessarily seek to undermine a connection between NGOs and a cosmopolitan politics. But a more systematic exploration of the relationships between development NGOs and cosmopolitan politics can help us understand the capacity of NGOs to offer serious development alternatives, most notably in the form of a transnational politics of justice based on the values of solidarity.Size Download Views Download article 876.71 KB -
Development as reform and counter-reform
Author: Bolnick, Joel, Summary
This chapter discusses the experiences of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a transnational movement of homeless and landless people's federations. Try as it might SDI can never escape the fact that it has these two trajectories as its ancestry, the movement experiences of its affiliates and the aid industry as its benefactor. This coalescence is de facto proof both of the failure of the radical projects of the social movements and of the emergence of the hegemony of foreign aid as the major vehicle for social and economic transformation in the South.Size Download Views Download article 854.65 KB -
Reflections on NGOs and development
Author: Hulme, David, Summary
Defining NGOs and precisely separating them from social movements may be less important than exploring the relationships between entities that seem to have NGO or social-movement characteristics. Rather than judging whether an NGO has contributed to development (the broad set of processes underlying capitalist development) or to Development (the subset of consciously identified interventions aimed at the 'third world') it may be more useful to look at the relationship between an NGO's actions on its 'little d' and 'big D' impacts. I shall strive for clarity in this chapter but recognize that ambiguity is an inevitable component of interpreting the role of NGOs in developmental processes.Size Download Views Download article 467.34 KB
Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización y monitoreo de la sustentabilidad de proyectos productivos en humedales
Author: Briones, Ernesto
Responsible: Ernesto Briones y Lorena JaramilloPropuesta metodológica para la caracterización y monitoreo de la sustentabilidad de proyectos productivos en humedales
La Iniciativa Biocomercio Sostenible Ecuador (IB), es un Programa del Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (MAE), y la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD), que se inició en el país desde el año 2001. La Iniciativa es ejecutada por la Corporación de Promoción de…
Resp. Ernesto Briones y Lorena Jaramillo
Date: 2005
Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización y monitoreo de la sustentabilidad de proyectos productivos en humedales
-
Can NGOs Make a difference?
Author: Bebbington, Anthony, Hickey, Samuel; Mitlin, Diana Summary
The conviction underlying the book is that NGOs are only NGOs in any politically meaningful sense of the term if they are offering alternatives to dominant models, practices and ideas about development. The question that the book addresses is whether -in the face of neoliberalism, the poverty agenda in aid, the new security agenda, institutional maturation (if not senescence), and the simple imperatives of organizational survival -NGOs continue to constitute alternatives.Size Download Views Download article 1.63 MB -
Have NGOs Made a difference? From Manchester to Birmingham with an elephant in the room
Author: Edwards, Michael, Summary
Fifteen years on, the NGO universe has been substantially transformed, with rates of growth in scale and profile that once would have been unthinkable. Yet still the nagging questions remain. Despite the increasing size and sophistication of the development NGO sector, have NGOs really 'made a difference' in the ways the first Manchester Conference intended, or have the reforms that animated the NGO community during the 1990S now run out of steam? In this chapter I try to answer these questions in two ways. First, through a retrospective look at the Manchester conferences -what they taught us, what infiuence they had, and how NGOs have changed. And second, by picking out a couple of especially important challenges in development terms and assessing whether NGOs 'stood up to be counted', so to speak, and did their best in addressing them. These two approaches suggest somewhat different conclusions, which will bring me to the 'elephant in the room' of my title.Size Download Views Download article 718.04 KB -
Challenges to participation, citizenship and democracy
Author: Dagnino, Evelina, Summary
The main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the challenges presented by recent developments in Brazil -but also elsewhere -to the participation of civil society in the building of democracy and social justice. The chapter will discuss first the existence of a perverse confluence between participatory and neoliberal political projects. From my point of view, this confluence characterizes the contemporary scenario of the struggle for deepening democracy in Brazil and in most of Latin America. Then it will examine the dispute over different meanings of citizenship, civil society and participation that constitute core referents for the understanding of that confluence, and the form that it takes in the Brazilian context.Size Download Views Download article 798.43 KB -
Learning from Latin America
Author: Biekart, Kees, Summary
This chapter analyses changing policies and agendas of the twenty most important European private aid agencies and networks active in Latin America over the past decade. The analysis is based on a 'mapping exercise, initiated by ALOP, a Latin American network of NGOs. This network feared a gradual withdrawal of this more committed non-governmental aid.Size Download Views Download article 896.26 KB -
Whatever happened to reciprocity?
Author: Thomas, Alan, Summary
This chapter concerns non-governmental organizations and the rationale for their involvement in development. It analyses how donors view NGOs, looking particularly at the example of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), arguing that NGOs are expected to conform to one of two prescribed models of what they do, which tends to ignore or downplay the value basis of what NGOs are and the variety of ways they relate to development.Size Download Views Download article 1 MB -
Development and the New Security Agenda
Author: Fowler, Alan, Summary
This chapter does not dwell on the many -both just and unjust -critiques of NGO-ism in terms of these and other shortcomings as self-generated constraints on being 'alternative' (e.g. Lewis and Wallace, 2000; Katsui and Wamai, 2006). Rather, the task is to approach the issue of limitations on NGDOs as development alternatives from the direction of a significant reframing of the aid system, broadly labelled 'securitization' (e.g. Duffield, 2002; Fowler, 2005; Howell, 2006).Size Download Views Download article 916.41 KB -
How civil society organizations use evidence to influence policy processes
Author: Pollard, Amy, Court, Julius Summary
The concept of civil society is not new; it has been contested within political philosophy, sociology and social theory for hundreds of years. What is new is the increasing emphasis on the concept over the last decade -'civil society' has become a buzzword within international development. All manner of claims have been made about the potential of 'civil society', and specifically 'civil society organizations' (CSOs), to act as a force to reduce poverty, promote democracy and achieve sustainable development. But how exactly do they do this? Are CSOs always a force for good? What is the proper role of CSOs in international development? How do they influence policy? A number of studies have responded to these questions, identifying a number of issues around the accountability, legitimacy and effectiveness of the sector (Howell and Pearce, 2001; Lewis, 2001; Edwards, 2004; Van Rooy, 1999; Anheier et al., 2004).Size Download Views Download article 916.79 KB -
Civil society participation as the focus of northern NGO support
Author: Guijt, Irene, Summary
This chapter draws on a recent evaluation that examined how the support given between 1999 and 2004 was used by four of the CFAs -CORDAID, HIVOS, Oxfam NOVIB and Plan Netherlands -to further 'civil society participation' in Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, Sri Lanka and Uganda.Size Download Views Download article 995.54 KB -
Producing knowledge, generating alternatives?
Author: Bazán, Cynthia, Cuellar, Nelson; Gómez, Ileana; Illsley, Cati; López, Adrian; Monterroso, Iliana; Pardo, Joaliné; Rocha, Jose Luis; Torres, Pedro; Bebbington, Anthony Summary
What do non-profit organizations whose primary role is to produce knowledge contribute to development alternatives? The question is not an idle one. As the Millennium Development Goals and the poverty agenda impress themselves ever more firmly on the criteria used to allocate international cooperation and national development budgets, research-oriented NGOs, and research activities within multi-functional NGOs, have found it increasingly difficult to secure funding. In this context, being clear on the nature, role and purpose of such NGOs is urgent, otherwise research activities in progressive NGOs will wither away, leaving the non-profit knowledge-generation field open to business-supported, more conservative and well-funded think-tanks. This urgency is both institutional (to offset an organizational demise that occurs by default rather than because of any clear strategic reasoning) and political (to avoid the further colonization of public debate and discourse by a core set of broadly neoliberal principIes encoded in different policy prescriptions and conceptual arguments).Size Download Views Download article 1000.77 KB -
Anxieties and affirmations
Author: Racelis, Mary, Summary
This chapter examines ways in which Philippine NGOs and their partner People's Organizations (POs) have broadened and protected democratic spaces through mobilizing, taking action and engaging in advocacy for social reform, structural change and the redefinition of donor priorities and operational modes. After a review of development challenges faced by NGOs, the discussion features three mini-cases illustrative of both small and large d/Development processes. One account examines Naga City slum upgrading activities in the Bicol region of Southern Luzon. The two others focus on activities centred in Metro Manila but which affect NGO/PO activities nationwide.Size Download Views Download article 1.06 MB -
Reinventing international NGOs
Author: Derksen, Harry, Verhallen, Pim Summary
The chapter first gives a brief description of developments in international debates on development. We draw attention to the depoliticization of development thought and practice, as well as the introduction of neoliberal policies of privatization and market instruments in the development architecture both in general and more specifically in the Dutch co-funding programme. We will try to identify the most important implications of these changes, for the work of Dutch international NGOs (INGOs), for the activities of their non-governmental partners overseas and for their joint ability to contribute effectively to the fight against exclusion and poverty. Lastly, we will describe how in the face of these difterent pressures, our own organization in introducing substantial changes to its strategies and ways of working, changes that aim to ensure our possibilities for making a difference for rhe poor and excluded.Size Download Views Download article 893.94 KB -
Transforming or conforming?
Author: Bristow, Katie, Summary
The chapter will argue that the mesh of factors are part of the conscious and unconscious strategies used by social groups, in this case relating to different health systems, to maintain, promote and defend their specific world-view, knowledge and practice. A theoretical framework will be used to explore how power to influence is made relative using Gramsci's (Gramsci, 1971) conscious hegemonic strategies together with Bourdieu's (Bourdieu, 1989) unconscious mechanisms of habitus and field. The framework will be applied to two NGOs in Bolivia, 'CÓDIGO' Bolivia and World Vision's PDA in Santivañez (Programa de Desarrollo del Area, Area Development Programme), and their training and management of community health promoters.Size Download Views Download article 945.43 KB -
Political enterpreneurs or development agents
Author: Chhotray, Vasudha, Summary
NGOs the world over have been regarded positively for their capacities both as 'political entrepreneurs' and as 'development agents', but there is growing cynicism over their abilities to combine these two roles.As polítical entrepreneurs, NGOs have been known to act as catalysts of radical and transformative social change, through their association with grassroots struggle in various forms. As development agents, NGOs have increasingly become key partners of both governments and donor agencies in implementing development programmes. The definitive mainstreaming of NGOs within international development during the last two decades has entailed growing pressures on NGOs, many of which may have started out as small and informal cadre-based organizations, to compete for development funds, formalize their organizational structures and 'scale up' their work. All this seems to have compromised the inclination and ability of NGOs devoted to development to engage in acts that are radically transformative.Size Download Views Download article 897.38 KB -
Is this really the end of the road for gender mainstreaming?
Author: Piálek, Nicholas, Summary
This chapter suggests that a more sanguine approach is required, and that this critique itself should be subject to closer appraisal. Gender mainstreaming (and those implementing and analysing it) should not lose sight of the fact that such a process is fundamentally political. Gender mainstreaming is a form of feminist politics and policy (Walby, 2005: 463) that challenges dominant modes of thinking and practice in organizations working in development. As a consequence, the question that becomes most pertinent to ask is not, 'is this the end of gender mainstreaming?', but instead, 'how are gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across a range of organizational and institutional contexts?' It was with this question in mind that I conducted a three-year research project into gender mainstreaming in development organizations, and in particular Oxfam GB.Size Download Views Download article 913.52 KB -
The ambivalent cosmopolitanism of international NGOs
Author: Yanacopulos, Helen, Baillie Smith, Matt Summary
In this chapter we argue that the relationship between cosmopolitanism and NGOs demands greater caution and serious interrogation. This is not to deny the broad thrust of the connections we have just identified, but to highlight that the relationship is contested and, in some senses, rather more ambivalent than intuition would allow for. We do not necessarily seek to undermine a connection between NGOs and a cosmopolitan politics. But a more systematic exploration of the relationships between development NGOs and cosmopolitan politics can help us understand the capacity of NGOs to offer serious development alternatives, most notably in the form of a transnational politics of justice based on the values of solidarity.Size Download Views Download article 876.71 KB -
Development as reform and counter-reform
Author: Bolnick, Joel, Summary
This chapter discusses the experiences of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI), a transnational movement of homeless and landless people's federations. Try as it might SDI can never escape the fact that it has these two trajectories as its ancestry, the movement experiences of its affiliates and the aid industry as its benefactor. This coalescence is de facto proof both of the failure of the radical projects of the social movements and of the emergence of the hegemony of foreign aid as the major vehicle for social and economic transformation in the South.Size Download Views Download article 854.65 KB -
Reflections on NGOs and development
Author: Hulme, David, Summary
Defining NGOs and precisely separating them from social movements may be less important than exploring the relationships between entities that seem to have NGO or social-movement characteristics. Rather than judging whether an NGO has contributed to development (the broad set of processes underlying capitalist development) or to Development (the subset of consciously identified interventions aimed at the 'third world') it may be more useful to look at the relationship between an NGO's actions on its 'little d' and 'big D' impacts. I shall strive for clarity in this chapter but recognize that ambiguity is an inevitable component of interpreting the role of NGOs in developmental processes.Size Download Views Download article 467.34 KB
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La reconciliación nacional en América Latina. Utopía y "pomada" de los noventas