This paper provides new insights for the understanding, measurement and analysis of multidimensional poverty in Ecuador, and generates empirical evidence for the period 2006-2010. Multidimensional poverty is defined using a rights-based approach, but its scope is limited to individual information about the rights of good-living. The level of multidimensional poverty decreased between 2006 and 2010; however the level of inequality remains unchanged, with higher levels of poverty for rural inhabitants, women and among indigenous and Afroecuadorian populations. Enhanced social protection (i.e. health, pensions, unemployment, injuries and disabilities, family support and social assistance), and better work conditions and public services are the priorities for abolishing poverty in Ecuador, but this requires political will and social commitment.