Although unimagined and unanticipated within the 'discursive frameworks' of the liberal-republican state, Andean peasant communities sought mediated re-insertion Peruvian Republic. Key to peasant political engagement in the Huaylas-Ancash was the tactical deployment of 'Indian rights' to make moral and material claims on the postcolonial caudillo Ancash peasant claims and political practices destabilised ' republic' and 'republican' citizenship, and eventually challenged historicity of Creole nation-building itself.