This chapter takes this question of conjuncture -and timing -to reflect on the institutional, political-economic, and epistemic conditions that have shaped Ecuadorian anthropology since the early 1970s, when the first anthropology department was created in Quito at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (Catholic University of Ecuador), until the present. This period coincides with the two issues that have most occupied Ecuadorian anthropologists: the agrarian reform and the rise of one of Latin America's most powerful indigenous movements.