One of the most interesting and durable environmental modifications was the creation of Amazonian Dark Earths, including both terra petra do índio and terra mulata, whose origin and other characteristics are the subject of this volume. Given the interaction among pre-Colombian technologies, an obvious question is `What is the relationship between native (and early exotic) agrobiodiversity and Dark Earths?´. This contribution attempts to answer specific questions that will allow us to answer this, in order to determine if they are interesting enough to merit further research.