| Sumario: | Crops residues are an important source of maintenance of Fusarium graminearum
inoculum in the soybean agroecosystem. Given that these populations can interact
in the substrate through mechanisms of mycelial recognition and that they can come
into direct contact with the implanted seed and cause disease, the following objectives
were set: (1) to evaluate the genetic diversity through of the mycelial compatibility of F.
graminearum strains isolated from maize crop residues; (2) to analyze the pathogenicity
of F. graminearum strains isolated from crop residues towards soybean seedlings from
different cultivars treated and untreated with fungicide. Mycelial compatibility studies
showed a unique pattern of mycelial compatibility for each strain, indicating a great
heterogeneity in the population evaluated. Pathogenicity tests in all strains tested were
capable of causing symptoms of root rot with varying degrees of severity and reductions
in the height of seedlings. In the factorial statistical analysis, the greatest effect
was marked by the soybean cultivar effect. A clear decline in the severity index was also
observed with the fungicide application, so this would be a useful prevention tool to
reduce the intensity in soybean seedling diseases.
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