| Sumario: | Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is an endemic species of the Patagonian Andes
of Chile and Argentina, with potential use for agroindustry. One aspect that could be
restrictive for the production is the Calafate rust (Puccinia meyeri-albertii P. Magn), which
the last reference in Chile dated from 1945. The objective of this study was to identify
and updated report about to the prevalence of Calafate rust in La Araucanía Region, Chile.
The rust identification was consistent as that reported for P. meyeri-albertii, aspects also
confirmed by Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International (CABI) under number
IMI-50016. The sequence amplified of the 28S rDNA (accession number KY555071) had
an identity of 97% with others six Puccinia species, likewise, the genetic relationship
analysis established that P. meyeri-albertii had higher divergences in the nucleotide
substitutions respect to the others rusts; it consign that no nucleotide sequences
available in NCBI database for P. meyeri-albertii. Prospecting realized the 2011-2012
seasons in an experimental Calafate orchard, the incidence and severity were respectively:
24.70% (range 4.72-36.90%) and severity 2.97 (2.15-3.30, range affected area)
in leaves; and in fruits 13.78 % (range 1.13-23.84%) and 2.40 (2.01-2.78, range affected
area). Hence, it was suggested that it is necessary to develop molecular, epidemiological
and control research, as also to determine the infection level of this pathogen in others
Calafate ecotypes and Berberis species growing in different edaphoclimatic conditions.
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