| Sumario: | The municipality of Pauna, west of Boyacá state, has been involved in violence, poverty, social rejection and institutional abandonment, among others, due to the sowing of illicit crops (coca) and the presence of armed groups outside the law; however, around 1,200 peasant families in this region struggle to change this grim history. For that reason, this research refers to social problems and the effects of the substitution of coca crops for cocoa, which have been moving ahead since 2004, derived from Plan Colombia. Factors that gave rise to the substitution of illicit crops were identified, as well as their socio-economic consequences, through application of instruments, such as interviews, surveys and direct observation, supported in a theoretical-conceptual framework, centered on the peasant economy and family agriculture, and in a legal framework on eradication of illicit crops, among other references. This exploratory research uses case-study methodology, which is carried out through a descriptive analysis of these facts and their components. The study concludes by showing the contribution of Plan Colombia to the peasant communities of Pauna, and highlighting the need of governmental support to these productive reconversion processes.
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