Biblioteca Digital de VanguardiaDecline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies
This article discusses the evolution of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America as implemented by the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). A qualitative and multi-causal approach to political and social phenomena will be used, together with a theoretical-conceptual viewpoint close to neocl...
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| Formato: | Revistas |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador
2020
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| Acceso en línea: | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4313 |
| _version_ | 1782344290757771264 |
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| author | Calderón, Emilse Eliana |
| author_facet | Calderón, Emilse Eliana |
| author_sort | Calderón, Emilse Eliana |
| collection | Revista |
| description | This article discusses the evolution of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America as implemented by the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). A qualitative and multi-causal approach to political and social phenomena will be used, together with a theoretical-conceptual viewpoint close to neoclassical realism. Special consideration is given to the South American Defense Council (CDS): An unprecedented attempt to build consensus between participant countries on Defense issues and to develop effective confidence-building measures among them. The weakening of the Council as a consequence of the changing political and ideological trends -prevalent in the second decade of the current century-, is granted particular consideration. The article explains the reasons why it was so easy for participant Governments to abandon post-neoliberal regionalism, as soon as the so-called “pink tide” receded. Finally, evidence is provided that shows that domestic variables played a crucial role in accounting for the demise of this new regional security model. Structural internal weaknesses within the regional States also played a major part in limiting the capacity of political leaders to sustain their control over Defense policies. Factors related to the international system are seen as of secondary importance. Although the United States is not a central player in these developments, it certainly had some influence in reinforcing and encouraging the reversal of the policies initiated and endorsed by UNASUR and the CDS. |
| format | Revistas |
| id | iconos-article-4313 |
| institution | Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales |
| language | Español |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | iconos-article-43132021-08-30T17:52:46Z Decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies Ocaso del regionalismo posneoliberal en Sudamérica: las deudas de la marea rosa en la conducción política de la Defensa O declínio do regionalismo pós-neoliberal na América do Sul: as dívidas da maré rosa na direção política da Defesa Calderón, Emilse Eliana América do Sul liderança política Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano Estados Unidos maré rosa regionalismo pós-neoliberal South America political leadership South American Defense Council United States pink tide post-neoliberal regionalism América del Sur conducción política Consejo de Defensa Sudamericano Estados Unidos marea rosa regionalismo posneoliberal This article discusses the evolution of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America as implemented by the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). A qualitative and multi-causal approach to political and social phenomena will be used, together with a theoretical-conceptual viewpoint close to neoclassical realism. Special consideration is given to the South American Defense Council (CDS): An unprecedented attempt to build consensus between participant countries on Defense issues and to develop effective confidence-building measures among them. The weakening of the Council as a consequence of the changing political and ideological trends -prevalent in the second decade of the current century-, is granted particular consideration. The article explains the reasons why it was so easy for participant Governments to abandon post-neoliberal regionalism, as soon as the so-called “pink tide” receded. Finally, evidence is provided that shows that domestic variables played a crucial role in accounting for the demise of this new regional security model. Structural internal weaknesses within the regional States also played a major part in limiting the capacity of political leaders to sustain their control over Defense policies. Factors related to the international system are seen as of secondary importance. Although the United States is not a central player in these developments, it certainly had some influence in reinforcing and encouraging the reversal of the policies initiated and endorsed by UNASUR and the CDS. Partiendo de una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa y multicausal de los fenómenos político-sociales y con una mirada teórico-conceptual cercana al realismo neoclásico, el presente artículo aborda el devenir del regionalismo posneoliberal en América del Sur instaurado por la Unión de Naciones Sudamericanas (UNASUR). Específicamente se analiza el Consejo de Defensa Sudamericano (CDS) porque representó un incentivo sin precedentes al desarrollo de la confianza entre los países y a la búsqueda de consensos en materia de Defensa. Por ello, la dilución del Consejo en el contexto de cambio político-ideológico acontecido en la subregión aproximadamente a mediados de la segunda década del siglo XXI, amerita ser examinada; en este sentido, el artículo explica por qué el modelo de regionalismo posneoliberal fue abandonado sin dificultades con el ocaso de la marea rosa. Finalmente, la premisa que se sustenta indica que existió un condicionamiento profundo de la variable doméstica, enlazada a problemáticas estructurales de los Estados y materializada en su escasa capacidad de conducción política de la Defensa; al tiempo que la incidencia de la variable sistémica se entiende como secundaria, por lo cual el rol de Estados Unidos en el hemisferio es relevante en tanto acompaña y potencia el proceso que se desarrolla en el subcontinente y que revierte la tendencia concretada por la UNASUR y el CDS. Partindo de uma perspectiva metodológica qualitativa e multicausal dos fenômenos político-sociais e com um olhar teórico-conceitual próximo ao realismo neoclássico, este artigo aborda a evolução do regionalismo pós-neoliberal na América do Sul instituído pela União das Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL). Especificamente, o Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano (CDS) é analisado por representar um incentivo sem precedentes para o desenvolvimento da confiança entre os países e a busca de consensos em matéria de defesa. Por isso, a diluição do Conselho no contexto da mudança político-ideológica ocorrida na sub-região aproximadamente em meados da segunda década do século XXI, merece ser examinada. Nesse sentido, o artigo explica por que o modelo de regionalismo pós-neoliberal foi abandonado sem dificuldades com o declínio da maré rosa. Por fim, a premissa sustentada indica que houve um profundo condicionamento da variável doméstica, vinculado a problemas estruturais dos Estados e materializado em sua limitada capacidade de liderança política de Defesa, enquanto a incidência da variável sistêmica é entendida como secundária, por isso o papel dos Estados Unidos no hemisfério é relevante, pois acompanha e fortalece o processo que está ocorrendo no subcontinente e que inverte a tendência especificada pela UNASUL e o CDS. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador 2020-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo evaluado por pares application/pdf text/html application/xml application/epub+zip https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4313 10.17141/iconos.68.2020.4313 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; Núm. 68 (2020): Políticas exteriores y de defensa sudamericanas: hacia un nuevo regionalismo; 19-37 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; n. 68 (2020): Políticas exteriores e de defesa sudamericanas: rumo a um novo regionalismo; 19-37 Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales; No. 68 (2020): Foreign and defense policies in Latin America: Towards a new regionalism; 19-37 1390-8065 1390-1249 spa https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4313/3416 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4313/3444 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4313/3427 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4313/3458 Derechos de autor 2020 Emilse Eliana Calderón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/deed.es_ES |
| spellingShingle | Calderón, Emilse Eliana Decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies |
| title | Decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies |
| title_full | Decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies |
| title_fullStr | Decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies |
| title_short | Decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in South America: Weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on Defense policies |
| title_sort | decline of post-neoliberal regionalism in south america: weaknesses of “pink tide” political leadership on defense policies |
| url | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4313 |