Biblioteca Digital de VanguardiaSymbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990)
More than 30 years have passed since the civil-military dictatorship and few studies have addressed the role the victim category had in the Chilean State’s strategies implemented since 1990 onward to address the human rights violations which took place between 1973 and 1990. Through a documental and...
| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Revistas |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
| Publicado: |
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador
2020
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| Acceso en línea: | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4231 |
| _version_ | 1782344288879771648 |
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| author | Bustamante Danilo, Javiera Carreño-Calderón, Alejandra |
| author_facet | Bustamante Danilo, Javiera Carreño-Calderón, Alejandra |
| author_sort | Bustamante Danilo, Javiera |
| collection | Revista |
| description | More than 30 years have passed since the civil-military dictatorship and few studies have addressed the role the victim category had in the Chilean State’s strategies implemented since 1990 onward to address the human rights violations which took place between 1973 and 1990. Through a documental and ethnographic analysis of symbolic reparation and the norms associated with social and sanitary programs, this article explores how the Chilean State has administered human rights violations, torture and disappearances based on two principles: the narrative of victimization and the adoption of an individualized perspective to address trauma. Through the analysis of documental and ethnographic material, this research exposes how this treatment has marked the public agenda in terms of human rights. On the one hand, this has made it possible to ignore the demand for clarity regarding the bodies of those who were detained and disappeared. And on the other hand, there has been a lack of recognition of the role the State had in the perpetration of this violence during the civil-military dictatorship. This analysis demonstrates that even though the use of the figure of victim contributed to isolating people who suffered mistreatments and to depoliticize their actions, it is necessary to problematize the potential for collective action of victimhood and its possible dialogues with other contemporary social movements. |
| format | Revistas |
| id | iconos-article-4231 |
| institution | Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales |
| language | Español |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | iconos-article-42312021-07-13T03:33:29Z Symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990) Reparación simbólica, trauma y victimización: la respuesta del Estado chileno a las violaciones de derechos humanos (1973-1990) Reparação simbólica, trauma e vitimização: a resposta do Estado chileno às violações dos direitos humanos (1973-1990) Bustamante Danilo, Javiera Carreño-Calderón, Alejandra direitos humanos desaparecimentos reparações às vítimas trauma ditadura Chile derechos humanos desapariciones reparación a víctimas trauma dictadura Chile human rights disappearances reparation for victims trauma dictatorship Chile More than 30 years have passed since the civil-military dictatorship and few studies have addressed the role the victim category had in the Chilean State’s strategies implemented since 1990 onward to address the human rights violations which took place between 1973 and 1990. Through a documental and ethnographic analysis of symbolic reparation and the norms associated with social and sanitary programs, this article explores how the Chilean State has administered human rights violations, torture and disappearances based on two principles: the narrative of victimization and the adoption of an individualized perspective to address trauma. Through the analysis of documental and ethnographic material, this research exposes how this treatment has marked the public agenda in terms of human rights. On the one hand, this has made it possible to ignore the demand for clarity regarding the bodies of those who were detained and disappeared. And on the other hand, there has been a lack of recognition of the role the State had in the perpetration of this violence during the civil-military dictatorship. This analysis demonstrates that even though the use of the figure of victim contributed to isolating people who suffered mistreatments and to depoliticize their actions, it is necessary to problematize the potential for collective action of victimhood and its possible dialogues with other contemporary social movements. Pasados más de 30 años desde el fin de la dictadura cívico-militar, pocas investigaciones han abordado el rol que la categoría de víctima ha asumido en las estrategias que el Estado chileno puso en marcha desde 1990 en adelante para abordar las violaciones a derechos humanos acaecidas entre 1973 y 1990. A partir del análisis documental y etnográfico de las políticas de reparación simbólica y de las normativas asociadas con programas de beneficios sociales y sanitarios, este artículo explora la forma en que el Estado chileno ha administrado las violaciones a derechos humanos, la tortura y la desaparición, basándose en dos principios: la narrativa de la victimización y la adopción de una perspectiva individualizada en el abordaje del trauma. A partir de un análisis de material documental y etnográfico, la investigación evidencia cómo este tratamiento ha marcado la agenda pública en materia de derechos humanos permitiendo soslayar, por una parte, la demanda por el esclarecimiento del destino de los cuerpos de los detenidos desaparecidos y, por otra, el reconocimiento del rol que tuvo el Estado en la perpetración de violencia durante la dictadura cívico-militar. Este análisis demuestra que, si bien la utilización de la figura de la víctima ha contribuido a aislar a las personas que sufrieron vejaciones y despolitizar su actuar, es necesario aún problematizar la potencialidad de acción colectiva que posee la victimización y sus posibles diálogos con los movimientos sociales contemporáneos. Mais de 30 anos após o fim da ditadura civil-militar, poucas investigações abordaram o papel que a categoria de vítima assumiu nas estratégias que o Estado chileno implementou a partir de 1990 para combater as violações de direitos humanos que ocorreram entre 1973 e 1990. Com base na análise documental e etnográfica das políticas simbólicas de reparação e nos regulamentos associados aos programas de benefícios sociais e de saúde, este artigo explora a maneira pela qual o Estado chileno administrou violações de direitos humanos, a tortura e o desaparecimento, baseados em dois princípios: a narrativa da vitimização e a adoção de uma perspectiva individualizada na abordagem do trauma. A partir de uma análise do material documental e etnográfico, a pesquisa mostra como esse tratamento marcou a agenda pública no campo dos direitos humanos, permitindo, por uma parte, evitar a demanda por esclarecimentos sobre o destino dos corpos dos detidos desaparecidos e, por outro, o reconhecimento do papel do Estado na perpetração da violência durante a ditadura cívico-militar. Essa análise mostra que, embora o uso da figura da vítima tenha contribuído para isolar as pessoas que sofreram assédio e despolitizar suas ações, ainda é necessário questionar a potencialidade da ação coletiva que a vitimização possui e seus possíveis diálogos com os movimentos sociais contemporâneos. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador 2020-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo evaluado por pares application/pdf text/html application/xml application/epub+zip https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4231 10.17141/iconos.67.2020.4231 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; Núm. 67 (2020): Desaparición de personas en el mundo globalizado: desafíos desde América Latina; 39-59 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; n. 67 (2020): Desaparecimento de pessoas no mundo globalizado: desafios da América Latina; 39-59 Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales; No. 67 (2020): Disappearances of people in the globalized world: Challenges from Latin America; 39-59 1390-8065 1390-1249 spa https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4231/3330 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4231/3361 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4231/3342 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4231/3372 Derechos de autor 2020 Javiera Bustamante Danilo, Alejandra Carreño-Calderón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/deed.es_ES |
| spellingShingle | Bustamante Danilo, Javiera Carreño-Calderón, Alejandra Symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990) |
| title | Symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990) |
| title_full | Symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990) |
| title_fullStr | Symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990) |
| title_short | Symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: The response of the Chilean State to human rights violations (1973-1990) |
| title_sort | symbolic reparation, trauma and victimization: the response of the chilean state to human rights violations (1973-1990) |
| url | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4231 |