Biblioteca Digital de VanguardiaCounterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion
This article introduces the concept of “counterweight cities” to describe towns that are able to generate an endogenous development process and promote decentralization in traditionally centralist states. This role is accompanied by the prevalence of federalist or autonomist thinking, supported in a...
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| Formato: | Revistas |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
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Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador
2020
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| Acceso en línea: | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4127 |
| _version_ | 1782344285913350144 |
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| author | Valenzuela-Van Treek, Esteban Vaca, Claudia |
| author_facet | Valenzuela-Van Treek, Esteban Vaca, Claudia |
| author_sort | Valenzuela-Van Treek, Esteban |
| collection | Revista |
| description | This article introduces the concept of “counterweight cities” to describe towns that are able to generate an endogenous development process and promote decentralization in traditionally centralist states. This role is accompanied by the prevalence of federalist or autonomist thinking, supported in a local political organization able to inspire changes in the relationships between the different regions within the country. The political group that leads the process is also able to recruit backing in nearby areas. These initiatives have succeeded in consolidating their cities as alternate development poles, displaying dynamic economic and demographic growth, achieving expansion of a modern infrastructure, advanced human resources and cutting- edge cultural and academic assets. Guayaquil in Ecuador and Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia have benefited from strong ties between the public and the private sector, the presence of a robust locally-based political party and solid inter-regional alliances. These strengths have helped both cities achieve a higher degree of regional autonomy than Concepcion in Chile. The later, has-instead- concentrated in developing as an academic and cultural hub. The cities studied here, enhanced the complexity of the human settlement system in their countries, mitigating the macro cephalic tendencies inherent in the Latin American centralist urban structure. In-depth interviews performed in the three countries allow for a better understanding of the context in which the struggle against centralism took place and was able to overcome the challenges it encountered, in the process of generating substantial counterweights against metropolitan macro cephalism. |
| format | Revistas |
| id | iconos-article-4127 |
| institution | Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales |
| language | Español |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | iconos-article-41272021-08-30T17:52:46Z Counterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion Ciudades contrapeso al centralismo unitarista en Sudamérica: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil y Concepción Cidades contrapostas ao centralismo unitário na América do Sul: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil e Concepción Valenzuela-Van Treek, Esteban Vaca, Claudia América Latina cidades de contrapeso Concepção descentralização Guayaquil Santa Cruz de la Sierra Latin America counterweight cities Concepción decentralization Guayaquil Santa Cruz de la Sierra América Latina ciudades contrapeso Concepción descentralización Guayaquil Santa Cruz de la Sierra This article introduces the concept of “counterweight cities” to describe towns that are able to generate an endogenous development process and promote decentralization in traditionally centralist states. This role is accompanied by the prevalence of federalist or autonomist thinking, supported in a local political organization able to inspire changes in the relationships between the different regions within the country. The political group that leads the process is also able to recruit backing in nearby areas. These initiatives have succeeded in consolidating their cities as alternate development poles, displaying dynamic economic and demographic growth, achieving expansion of a modern infrastructure, advanced human resources and cutting- edge cultural and academic assets. Guayaquil in Ecuador and Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia have benefited from strong ties between the public and the private sector, the presence of a robust locally-based political party and solid inter-regional alliances. These strengths have helped both cities achieve a higher degree of regional autonomy than Concepcion in Chile. The later, has-instead- concentrated in developing as an academic and cultural hub. The cities studied here, enhanced the complexity of the human settlement system in their countries, mitigating the macro cephalic tendencies inherent in the Latin American centralist urban structure. In-depth interviews performed in the three countries allow for a better understanding of the context in which the struggle against centralism took place and was able to overcome the challenges it encountered, in the process of generating substantial counterweights against metropolitan macro cephalism. El artículo propone la categoría de ciudades contrapeso como aquellas que logran tanto dinamizar su desarrollo de manera endógena y a su vez impulsar un proceso de descentralización y devolución de poder en contextos de Estados tradicionalmente centralistas y con alta hegemonía de sus capitales. El contrapeso supone una visión federalista o autonomista que logra cambios desde la propia articulación regional con base en una fuerza política territorial de impacto nacional que moviliza dichas ciudades en pacto con sus regiones cercanas. Desde el punto de vista de resultados materiales, implica la capacidad de crecimiento económico y demográfico para ser polo alternativo a la capital, infraestructura de ciudad global con lazos internacionales y capital humano avanzado como polo cultural y universitario. Se concluye el éxito de Guayaquil en Ecuador y Santa Cruz de la Sierra en Bolivia con alianzas público-privadas, fuerza política influyente y alianzas interregionales para movilizarse y lograr procesos de mayor autonomía regional, a diferencia de Concepción en Chile, que muestra mayor dinamismo en lo universitario y en lo cultural. Dichas ciudades complejizan el sistema de ciudades permitiendo contener la macrocefalia del centralismo latinoamericano. Entrevistas en profundidad en los países permitieron comprender el contexto de lucha de estas ciudades contra el centralismo, sus hitos y desafíos en las diversas dimensiones del contrapeso. O artigo propõe a categoria de cidades de contrapeso como aquelas que conseguem dinamizar seu desenvolvimento de forma endógena e ao mesmo tempo promover um processo de descentralização e devolução de poder em contextos de Estados tradicionalmente centralistas e com alta hegemonia de suas capitais. O contrapeso supõe uma visão federalista ou autonomista que consegue mudanças a partir da própria articulação regional a partir de uma força política territorial de impacto nacional que mobiliza essas cidades em pacto com suas regiões vizinhas. Do ponto de vista dos resultados materiais, implica na capacidade de crescimento econômico e demográfico ser um pólo alternativo à capital, uma infraestrutura urbana global com laços internacionais e um capital humano avançado como pólo cultural e universitário. Se conclui que o sucesso de Guayaquil no Equador e de Santa Cruz de la Sierra na Bolívia através de alianças público-privadas, força política influente e alianças interregionais para mobilizar-se e concretizar processos de maior autonomia regional, ao contrário de Concepción no Chile, que mostra maior dinamismo em assuntos universitários e culturais. Essas cidades tornam o sistema de cidades mais complexo, permitindo conter a macrocefalia do centralismo latino-americano. Entrevistas em profundidade nos países permitiram compreender o contexto da luta dessas cidades contra o centralismo, seus marcos e desafios nas várias dimensões do contrapeso. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador 2020-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo evaluado por pares application/pdf text/html application/xml application/epub+zip https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4127 10.17141/iconos.68.2020.4127 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; Núm. 68 (2020): Políticas exteriores y de defensa sudamericanas: hacia un nuevo regionalismo; 171-189 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; n. 68 (2020): Políticas exteriores e de defesa sudamericanas: rumo a um novo regionalismo; 171-189 Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales; No. 68 (2020): Foreign and defense policies in Latin America: Towards a new regionalism; 171-189 1390-8065 1390-1249 spa https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4127/3424 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4127/3452 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4127/3435 https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4127/3466 Derechos de autor 2020 Esteban Valenzuela-Van Treek, Claudia Vaca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/deed.es_ES |
| spellingShingle | Valenzuela-Van Treek, Esteban Vaca, Claudia Counterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion |
| title | Counterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion |
| title_full | Counterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion |
| title_fullStr | Counterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Counterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion |
| title_short | Counterweight cities in South America as an answer to unitarian centralism: Santa Cruz, Guayaquil and Concepcion |
| title_sort | counterweight cities in south america as an answer to unitarian centralism: santa cruz, guayaquil and concepcion |
| url | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/4127 |