Biblioteca Digital de VanguardiaThe paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries
Inspired by recent political processes in Peru that include a civil war and the emergence of a militaristic and ultranationalist pro-indigenous political movement, this essay examines the historical relationship bet-ween the peasantry and the army from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. ...
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| Formato: | Revistas |
| Lenguaje: | Español |
| Publicado: |
Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador
2006
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| Acceso en línea: | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/185 |
| _version_ | 1802410515923730432 |
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| author | Méndez, Cecilia |
| author_facet | Méndez, Cecilia |
| author_sort | Méndez, Cecilia |
| collection | Revista |
| description | Inspired by recent political processes in Peru that include a civil war and the emergence of a militaristic and ultranationalist pro-indigenous political movement, this essay examines the historical relationship bet-ween the peasantry and the army from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. It speculates on the changes that the transition from a caudillista army in the nineteenth century to a professional army in the twentieth century brought about. The essay questions the widespread idea that the rural highlands and their inhabitants were excluded from the national life and citizenship “forever” and contends that peasant participation in the civil wars of the nineteenth century was a channel for insertion of the peasantry into national politics and fostered an incipient form of citizenship consciousness. Yet, as the army professionalized, the relationship between the armed institutions and the peasantry became increasingly more hierarchical and vertical. This process was parallel to the consolidation of the first constitutional civilian regimes of the twentieth century, in which, paradoxically, the exclusion of the peasantry became more severe. In the final instance, it was the dictatorships (both civilian and military) those to be more receptive than the constitutional democracies to the interests of the peasantry. |
| format | Revistas |
| id | iconos-article-185 |
| institution | Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales |
| language | Español |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | iconos-article-1852024-04-23T19:51:51Z The paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries Las paradojas del autoritarismo: ejército, campesinado y etnicidad en el Perú, siglos XIX al XX Méndez, Cecilia army militaries peasantry indigenismo ethnicity citizenship authoritarianism professionalization civil war ejército militares campesinado indigenismo etnicidad ciudadanía autoritarismo profesionalización guerra civil Inspired by recent political processes in Peru that include a civil war and the emergence of a militaristic and ultranationalist pro-indigenous political movement, this essay examines the historical relationship bet-ween the peasantry and the army from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. It speculates on the changes that the transition from a caudillista army in the nineteenth century to a professional army in the twentieth century brought about. The essay questions the widespread idea that the rural highlands and their inhabitants were excluded from the national life and citizenship “forever” and contends that peasant participation in the civil wars of the nineteenth century was a channel for insertion of the peasantry into national politics and fostered an incipient form of citizenship consciousness. Yet, as the army professionalized, the relationship between the armed institutions and the peasantry became increasingly more hierarchical and vertical. This process was parallel to the consolidation of the first constitutional civilian regimes of the twentieth century, in which, paradoxically, the exclusion of the peasantry became more severe. In the final instance, it was the dictatorships (both civilian and military) those to be more receptive than the constitutional democracies to the interests of the peasantry. Partiendo de procesos políticos recientes en el Perú, que incluyen una guerra civil y la emergencia de un movimiento militarista pro-indígena y ultranacionalista, este ensayo examina la relación histórica entre campesinado y ejército durante los siglos XIX al XXI. Se especula sobre los cambios producidos con el tránsito de un ejército caudillista en el siglo XIX a un ejército profesional en el XX. El ensayo cuestiona la expandida idea de que la sierra rural y sus habitantes estuvieron excluidos de la vida nacional y de la ciudadanía “desde siempre” y postula que la participación campesina en las guerras civiles del siglo XIX fue un canal de inserción del campesinado en la política nacional, promoviendo una forma incipiente de conciencia ciudadana. Pero a medida que el ejército se profesionaliza, la relación entre instituciones armadas y campesinado se hace más jerárquica y vertical. Este proceso es paralelo a la consolidación de los prime-ros regímenes civiles constitucionales del siglo XX, en los que paradójicamente la exclusión del campesinado se acrecienta. En última instancia, fueron las dictaduras (civiles y militares) las que hicieron mayor eco que los gobiernos democráticos constitucionales de los intereses del campesinado. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador 2006-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo evaluado por pares application/pdf https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/185 10.17141/iconos.26.2006.185 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; Núm. 26 (2006): Dossier: Populismo militar y etnicidad en los Andes; 17-34 Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales; n. 26 (2006): Dossier: Populismo militar y etnicidad en los Andes; 17-34 Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales; No. 26 (2006): Dossier: Militar populism and ethnicity in the Andean Region; 17-34 1390-8065 1390-1249 spa https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/185/181 Derechos de autor 2013 Cecilia Méndez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/deed.es_ES |
| spellingShingle | Méndez, Cecilia The paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries |
| title | The paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries |
| title_full | The paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries |
| title_fullStr | The paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries |
| title_short | The paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in Peru, from XIX to XX centuries |
| title_sort | paradoxes of authoritarianism: army, peasants, and ethnicity in peru, from xix to xx centuries |
| url | https://iconos.flacsoandes.edu.ec/index.php/iconos/article/view/185 |