| Sumario: | During decades, “Agrarian reform” was a magical expression in the world of Latin American rural development. Anyway, the last twenty years have seen how the concept has been increasingly considered a flawed path in the scenarios of globalization. This article doesn’t seek to make a complete balance or the reformist era, but it pretends to show its “lights” (its contribution to the modernization of agrarian structures) and its “shadows” (the negative outcome for a representative number of peasants). Beyond conventional interpretations, it wants to stress the importance of analysing some of its unexpected effects, related overall to the definition of social actors and actresses. This is particularly necessary to state how much reasonable is the dismissing as obsolete of the distributive measures implied by the concept, and to discuss to which extent this disqualifying discourse can be just a rhetoric hiding unsaid interests. The subject has regained pertinence when institutions as the World Bank are beginning to review the notion of agrarian reform as a feasible strategy in an immediate future.
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