In 1970, the Brazilian government embarked on a project effectively to occupy the "demographic void" of the world´s largest tropical rain forest, covering 5 million km2 of the Amazon basin. The pioneer Transamazon road, cutting 3.000 km across the southern interfluves of Amazonia, is to serve as a main axis for settlement and integration of the North. The paper reviews Transamazon settlement scheme with the progress of colonization in 1970-1975.